\u0130lk defa bir\n\u00fclkenin pasaport polisinin g\u00fcl\u00fcmseyerek ho\u015f geldiniz dedi\u011fi \u00fclkeydi K\u00fcba.\n\u00d6zellikle se\u00e7ilmi\u015f g\u00fczel han\u0131mefendi polisler aras\u0131ndan ilerleyerek s\u0131cak ve\ndo\u011fas\u0131 muhte\u015fem \u00fclkeye ad\u0131m att\u0131m. Ne \u00fclke kad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n ne de buras\u0131 i\u00e7in\nanlat\u0131lanlar\u0131n o kadar da g\u00fczel olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek ba\u015flayay\u0131m yaz\u0131ma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
K\u00fcba bundan tam\n500 y\u0131l \u00f6nce bulunmu\u015f. Amerika\u2019ya ula\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Kolomb\u2019un ilk dura\u011f\u0131 K\u00fcba.\nBu nedenle bu sene 500.y\u0131l kutlamalar\u0131 vard\u0131. Bir d\u00f6nem de \u0130ngilizler\ntaraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgal edilse de, \u0130ngilizler o d\u00f6nem Florida\u2019da hakim olan \u0130spanyollara\nsat\u0131yor \u00fclkeyi. Sonra hep \u0130spanya s\u00f6m\u00fcrgesi olarak devam ediyor K\u00fcba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
400 y\u0131ldan sonra milli\nkahraman Jose Martin \u00f6nderli\u011finde ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k m\u00fccadelesi ba\u015fl\u0131yor, Martin\u2019in\n\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden birka\u00e7 sene sonra, yani 1899 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z K\u00fcba devleti tan\u0131n\u0131yor.\nAkabinde ABD etkisi ile 1933\u2019de ba\u015fa gelen diktat\u00f6r Batista y\u00f6netimini 1959\u2019da\nChe ve Castro arkada\u015flar\u0131 devirerek, \u00fclkeyi sosyalist rejim ile y\u00f6netmeye\nba\u015fl\u0131yorlar. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Halk\u0131n kendilerini 400 y\u0131l s\u00f6m\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f \u0130spanyollar\u0131 sevmesi, \u0130spanya\u2019n\u0131n maddi yard\u0131mlar\u0131 ve baz\u0131 K\u00fcbal\u0131lara pasaport vermesi olmamal\u0131 \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc devrimden sonra y\u0131llarca Rusya yard\u0131m\u0131 ald\u0131 K\u00fcba, Sovyet y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131ndan sonra da neredeyse t\u00fcm petrol\u00fc Venezula\u2019dan bedavaya al\u0131yor. Bunun as\u0131l nedeni lisan birli\u011fi ve halk\u0131n k\u00f6keni. Kolomb\u2019un geli\u015fi ile K\u00fcba\u2019n\u0131n ilk halk\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131 basit bir vir\u00fcs nedeniyle \u00f6l\u00fcnce, Afrika\u2019dan binlerce k\u00f6le getiriliyor \u00fclkeye, bu nedenle halk\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu bu Afrika\u2019l\u0131lar\u0131n atalar\u0131ndan ve tabi ki i\u015fgalci \u0130spanyol erkeklerinin torunlar\u0131ndan olu\u015fuyor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130lk y\u0131llar\u0131nda bir\nonur, bir hayal ya\u015fam, bir ideal oluyor K\u00fcba\u2019da. Halk kazan\u0131yor ve payla\u015f\u0131yor. Yokluk\ni\u00e7inde olsalar da kendi paralar\u0131n\u0131 kazan\u0131p, payla\u015f\u0131p, d\u0131\u015fa ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ve \u00f6zg\u00fcr\nbir K\u00fcba olarak Sosyalizm motivasyonu ile mutlu oluyorlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Fakat herhangi\nbir madene, petrole ve \u00fcretime sahip olmayan \u00fclke ABD\u2019nin de \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\nambargosu nedeniyle ciddi g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcklerle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalmaya ba\u015fl\u0131yor. \u00d6zellikle\n\u00fclkeye gelen kalabal\u0131k turistlerle ve \u00fclke d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\naktard\u0131klar\u0131yla kapitalist ya\u015fama \u00f6zenen gen\u00e7 n\u00fcfus da ayr\u0131 sorun. Halk mutlu\nya\u015famlar\u0131na devam etse de ekonomiden ve y\u00f6netimden memnun de\u011fil. Esnaf turistleri\nkaz\u0131klamaya motive. Venezuela\u2019da y\u00f6netim y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131rsa K\u00fcba\u2019da i\u015fler daha da\nzorla\u015facak gibi. Neyse bu konular\u0131 ekonomi ve siyaset uzmanlar\u0131na b\u0131rakarak\n\u00fclkede gezdi\u011fim yerleri aktarmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fay\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130lk kald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\n\u015fehir yeni Havana. G\u00f6rece daha modern yap\u0131la\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u015fehrin bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\nbizim Ba\u011fc\u0131lardan hallice. Nasyonel Otel oran\u0131n en \u00f6nemli noktas\u0131, Naz\u0131m Hikmet\u2019in\nziyaret etti\u011fi otel Cuba de libre\u2019de foto\u011fraf\u0131 as\u0131l\u0131. Ak\u015fam\u00fcst\u00fcleri b\u00fct\u00fcn gen\u00e7ler\nbu otellerin sahilinde Malecon isimli yerde toplan\u0131yor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130kinci durak\nD\u00fcnya miras\u0131 kabul edilen Trinidad oldu. \u0130lk \u0130spanyol yerle\u015fimi \u015fehir her\na\u00e7\u0131dan hi\u00e7 de\u011fi\u015fmemi\u015f. Caddeler , evler kadar ya\u015fam da ayn\u0131 gibi. Sokaklara\nat\u0131lan \u00e7\u00f6pler, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc, sokaklarda at ve k\u00f6pek pislikleri, soka\u011fa \u00e7i\u015fini\nyapmakta \u00f6zg\u00fcr \u00e7ocuklar, bitmez bir kanalizasyon kokusu da o zamanlarla ayn\u0131\nolsa gerek. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda birka\u00e7 tarihi ev ve m\u00fcze gezilmeye de\u011fer, bir de\n\u015feker kam\u0131\u015f\u0131 tarlalar\u0131 ile eski fabrikalar\u0131. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sonras\u0131nda Che, Fidel\nCastro ve arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fcllerinin\nbulundu\u011fu m\u00fczenin bulundu\u011fu Santa Clara\u2019ya ge\u00e7tim. Bu g\u00fczel yap\u0131da etkilenmemek\nhatta benim gibi duygusal insanlar\u0131n g\u00f6zlerinin ya\u015flanmamas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. Che\nve arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fam ve sava\u015f \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda hayranl\u0131k tavan yap\u0131yor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u015eehrin yap\u0131s\u0131\nyeni Havana benzeriydi. G\u00f6rece d\u00fczg\u00fcn binalar\u0131n oldu\u011fu \u015fehrin i\u00e7inden akan \u0131rma\u011fa\n\u015fehrin b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7\u00f6pleri at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f durumda. Akan su buna ra\u011fmen hala temiz \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc\nend\u00fcstri at\u0131\u011f\u0131 kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131yor. Bu nehrin hemen ilerisinde ise devrim esnas\u0131nda diktat\u00f6r\nBatista i\u00e7in cephane y\u00fckl\u00fc trenlerin giderken nas\u0131l ele ge\u00e7irildi\u011fi yans\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f.\nVagonlar ve kullan\u0131lan dozer yan\u0131nda bolca foto\u011fraflar var. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Oradan deniz\ncenneti Varadero vard\u0131 s\u0131rada. Muhte\u015fem g\u00fczel bir Karayip sahilinde keyifli\ndakikalar hemen yan\u0131n\u0131zda a\u00e7\u0131lan Hindistan Cevizleriyle daha keyifli hale geliyor,\ntaze meyveler ve bal\u0131k ile tatili dolu dolu ya\u015famak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Tesisler ise\nbizdeki 3y\u0131ld\u0131zl\u0131 oteller ve alt\u0131 seviyesinde. Mutsuz edecek pek bir \u015fey yok.\nDeniz tatili i\u00e7in ideal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Son durak tekrar\nHavana fakat Old Havana denilen k\u0131sm\u0131 oldu. \n300 y\u0131ll\u0131k binalar\u0131n oldu\u011fu bu b\u00f6lge batakl\u0131k \u00fcst\u00fcne kurulmu\u015f. Hatta bir\nkilise yan yat\u0131nca bir kulesini y\u00fcksek yaparak dengeyi sa\u011flam\u0131\u015flar zaman\u0131nda.\nKeyifli bu b\u00f6lgede ilk mohito yapan bar\u0131 ve ilk daiquiri yapan eL Florida otelini\nbulmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Ayr\u0131ca Ernest Hemingway\u2019\u0131n kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 otel ve s\u00fcrekli tak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bar\nayn\u0131 b\u00f6lgede. T\u00fcrk h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin bir e\u011fitim kurumuna hediyesi mozaik dokulu minyat\u00fcr\ntabloyu da g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. B\u00f6lgenin en \u00f6nemli eseri elbette Atat\u00fcrk b\u00fcst\u00fc. K\u00fcba\u2019da hala\nsevilen iki ki\u015fiden bir Atam, di\u011feri Naz\u0131m Hikmet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Old Havana\u2019n\u0131n\nbiraz d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nca bak\u0131ms\u0131z, pis ve ke\u015fmeke\u015f ya\u015fam hemen kendini g\u00f6steriyor.\nBuna ra\u011fmen ya\u015fayanlar hep e\u011flenceli hep g\u00fclery\u00fczl\u00fc. Esnaf\u0131 saymazsak hepsi de\nkonu\u015fmaya ve yard\u0131ma haz\u0131r. E\u011fitimli ve d\u00fcr\u00fcst insanlar\u0131n \u00fclkesi K\u00fcba\u2019da\nh\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k yok, cinayet yok denecek kadar az. Sa\u011fl\u0131kta ileri d\u00fczeydeler, kanser\na\u015f\u0131lar\u0131 ve tedavileri var. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu g\u00fczel taraflara ra\u011fmen ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 ekonomik\ns\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lara \u00fcz\u00fclmemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. Devlette \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan birinin ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayl\u0131k \u00fccret\n20usd. \u0130htiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in ek i\u015f yapmak zorunda. Ya da aileden en az biri\nmutlaka yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak i\u00e7in evi terkediyor. Esnaf veya herhangi bir\nal\u0131\u015fveri\u015fte kaz\u0131klanma ihtimali de i\u015fte bu y\u00fczden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Birka\u00e7 not\nekleyeyim<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Biraz amac\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fan ifade olmas\u0131 endi\u015fesiyle de olsa yaz\u0131m\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle bitirmek istiyorum : Sosyalizm ideal bir y\u00f6netim ama tam ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in her yerde olmal\u0131. Kapitalizm\u2019in s\u00fcsl\u00fc olmas\u0131 ve insanlar\u0131n egolar\u0131na hitap etmesi nedeniyle ak\u0131llar\u0131 \u00e7elmemesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. K\u00fcba\u2019n\u0131n da dayanabilece\u011fini sanm\u0131yorum. Zaten da\u011f\u0131lma \u00e7oktan ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f durumda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Her \u015feye ra\u011fmen ;\nBelki ekonomi y\u00f6netimi art\u0131k zor olabilir ama h\u00fcmanist yakla\u015f\u0131m, e\u015fitlik ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\nhala \u00e7ok g\u00fczel taraf\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
G\u00fcvenli g\u00fcnler\ndilerim.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0130lk defa bir \u00fclkenin pasaport polisinin g\u00fcl\u00fcmseyerek ho\u015f geldiniz dedi\u011fi \u00fclkeydi K\u00fcba. \u00d6zellikle se\u00e7ilmi\u015f g\u00fczel han\u0131mefendi polisler aras\u0131ndan ilerleyerek s\u0131cak ve do\u011fas\u0131 muhte\u015fem \u00fclkeye ad\u0131m att\u0131m. Ne \u00fclke kad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n ne de buras\u0131 i\u00e7in anlat\u0131lanlar\u0131n o kadar da g\u00fczel olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek ba\u015flayay\u0131m yaz\u0131ma. K\u00fcba bundan tam 500 y\u0131l \u00f6nce bulunmu\u015f. Amerika\u2019ya ula\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Kolomb\u2019un ilk dura\u011f\u0131 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":151326,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[8,10,646],"tags":[34261,17178],"class_list":["post-151321","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analiz","category-dunya","category-kose-yazilari","tag-kuba","tag-murat-goce"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.tvturk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/WhatsApp-Image-2019-05-01-at-15.58.06.jpeg?fit=1600%2C1200","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/paKIfm-DmF","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/151321","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=151321"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/151321\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":151463,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/151321\/revisions\/151463"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/151326"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=151321"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=151321"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=151321"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}