Bal\u0131kesir\u2019de kendi ismine yapt\u0131r\u0131lan caminin bah\u00e7esinde t\u00fcrbesi bulunan Za\u011fnos Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n \u0130stanbul\u2019un fethinde g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi fedakarl\u0131klar\u0131 Bal\u0131kesirli tarih\u00e7i-yazar Ayd\u0131n Ayhan \u0130hlas Haber Ajans\u0131\u2019na anlatt\u0131. \u0130stanbul\u2019un fethinde karadan ge\u00e7irilen gemilerin Za\u011fnos Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n komutas\u0131ndaki ordu taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi\u011fini belirten Ayd\u0131n Ayhan, fethe kat\u0131lanlarla birlikte Za\u011fnos Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n da “fatih” unvan\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011funu ifade etti.<\/p>\n
Ayd\u0131n Ayhan, Za\u011fnos Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n Fatih Sultan Mehmet\u2019in lalas\u0131 oldu\u011funu ve \u00e7ocukluk \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ndan itibaren Fatih\u2019i \u0130stanbul\u2019un fethi i\u00e7in y\u00f6nlendirdi\u011fini ve kendisinin de fetihte Fatih Sultan Mehmet\u2019ten sonraki ikinci komutan olarak 50 bin ki\u015filik orduyu y\u00f6netti\u011fini kaydetti.<\/p>\n
Bo\u011fazkesen Hisar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n (Rumeli Hisar\u0131) bir kulesinin ad\u0131 Za\u011fnos Kulesidir<\/p>\n
Bal\u0131kesirli tarih\u00e7i-yazar Ayd\u0131n Ayhan, Za\u011fnos Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n Fatih Sultan Mehmet\u2019in lalas\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirterek fetihle ilgili yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada, \u201cZa\u011fnos Pa\u015fa Fatih Sultan Mehmet\u2019in lalas\u0131 olarak \u00e7ocukluk \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ndan itibaren \u0130stanbul\u2019un fethine y\u00f6nlendirdi. \u0130stanbul d\u00fcnyan\u0131n merkeziydi o zaman. \u0130stanbul d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehri, Roma d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck devleti ve onun merkezi \u0130stanbul idi. \u00c7ocukluk \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ndan itibaren hep ona heveslendi, hep ona a\u015f\u0131k oldu; \u0130stanbul\u2019u fethetmeye a\u015f\u0131k oldu Fatih. Ger\u00e7ekten de \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc tahta \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tek d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi, tek sevdas\u0131 \u0130stanbul\u2019u fethetmekti. Zaten Manisa\u2019ya ikinci geli\u015finden itibaren her yere haber yolluyordu. \u0130stanbul nas\u0131l fethedilir, nas\u0131l fethedilemedi bunu ara\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. Babas\u0131 zaman\u0131nda \u0130stanbul ku\u015fat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131, tam i\u00e7eriye giriyorlard\u0131 ve o ku\u015fatmada bulunanlar\u0131 sordu. Casuslar yollad\u0131 \u0130stanbul\u2019un her taraf\u0131na, \u0130stanbul\u2019un haritalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kartt\u0131rd\u0131. \u0130stanbul nas\u0131l fethedilir, nas\u0131l olur hep bunu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc. Ger\u00e7ekten de \u0130stanbul\u2019u geldi ku\u015fatt\u0131 ve kendi ismini verdi\u011fi Bo\u011fazkesen Hisar\u2019\u0131n\u0131 (Rumeli Hisar\u0131) bizzat yapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu hisar\u0131n ilk kulesinin ismi de Za\u011fnos Kulesi\u2019dir ve Za\u011fnos Pa\u015fa\u2019ya yapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7 ayda o koca bina yap\u0131ld\u0131. Yani bo\u011faz\u0131 kesti. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc denizle irtibat\u0131n\u0131n kesilmesi gerekiyordu, Karadeniz\u2019le. Bunun yan\u0131nda Bizans da kendine g\u00f6re Hali\u00e7\u2019e zincir gerdi. Bu zincir nas\u0131l bir \u015feydi biliyor musunuz? Kocaman 2 metre \u00e7ap\u0131nda, 4-5 metre uzunlu\u011funda k\u00fct\u00fckler, zincirle bunlar ba\u011fl\u0131yd\u0131. Yani herhangi basit bir zincir de\u011fil. Bunlar\u0131n \u00fczerinde harp edilebiliyor, y\u00fcr\u00fcnebiliyor. Koca koca gemiler ancak bunlar y\u00fcz\u00fcnden ge\u00e7emiyordu\u201d diye konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n
\u0130stanbul\u2019un fethi s\u0131ras\u0131nda ya\u015fanan olaylar\u0131 da anlatan tarih\u00e7i yazar Ayd\u0131n Ayhan, \u201cFatih Sultan Mehmed tahta \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, 1452\u2019de Bo\u011fazkesen Hisar\u0131 bittikten sonra Bizans \u0130mparatoru vazge\u00e7ilsin diye birka\u00e7 kez insan yollad\u0131, fakat o dinlemedi. Edirne\u2019ye g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc ordusunu. Fakat \u0130stanbul\u2019u ku\u015fatan bir ordu vard\u0131. Bunun ba\u015f\u0131nda da Ak\u00e7ayl\u0131 Mehmet A\u011fa denen ki\u015fi var ve yan\u0131nda da Karesi\u2019den gelen birlikler vard\u0131. \u0130stanbul surlar\u0131 gibi surlar\u0131 Edirne meydan\u0131nda yapt\u0131rd\u0131 ve orduya gece-g\u00fcnd\u00fcz \u0130stanbul\u2019u nas\u0131l fethederiz, surlara \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f nas\u0131l olur diye talim yapt\u0131rd\u0131. Bu arada yine planlar\u0131n\u0131 kendi \u00e7izdi\u011fi 500 kiloluk g\u00fclle atan o zamana g\u00f6re d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck toplar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6kt\u00fcrd\u00fc. Daha sonra \u015eubat ay\u0131n\u0131n sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru, Mart ba\u015flar\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019un fethi i\u00e7in orduyu harekete ge\u00e7irdi. Fakat \u00e7ok enteresan bir \u015feydir; Fatih, ak\u0131l almaz bir zekayla, Peygamber efendimiz Hazret-i Muhammed d\u00f6neminden sonra ilk ve son defa olarak \u0130slam birli\u011fini sa\u011flad\u0131. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131ndaki M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara haberler yollad\u0131. K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019dan, Horasan\u2019dan, T\u00fcrkistan\u2019dan, M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019dan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p geldiler. Birbirine d\u00fc\u015fman olan insanlar bile \u0130stanbul\u2019un fethine geldi. B\u00f6ylece \u0130stanbul 500-600 mandan\u0131n \u00e7ekti\u011fi koca toplarla aylarca s\u00fcren yolculukla ku\u015fat\u0131ld\u0131 ve \u0130stanbul\u2019un surlar\u0131 d\u00f6v\u00fclmeye ba\u015fland\u0131. Karadan da \u0130stanbul sar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 fakat denizden de gelmesi gerekiyordu. Fakat bizim o zaman deniz g\u00fcc\u00fcm\u00fcz yoktu. Fakat Sarakuzal\u0131 korsanlara gemiler yapt\u0131rd\u0131. 150-200 tane gemi yapt\u0131rarak ilk defa deniz g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip oldu T\u00fcrkler. Ve geldiler denizden de ku\u015fatmaya kalkt\u0131lar. Hatta adamlar\u0131 ba\u015faramay\u0131nca Fatih at\u0131n\u0131 denize s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Daha sonra koca koca toplar \u0130stanbul\u2019u d\u00f6vmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu arada \u0130stanbul\u2019a d\u00fcnyan\u0131n her yerinden yard\u0131mlar gelmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. H\u0131ristiyan d\u00fcnyas\u0131 da yard\u0131m ediyordu. G\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc insanlar gemilerle geliyorlard\u0131. Bizim gemiler ise k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kal\u0131yordu. Fakat onlar\u0131n ki kocaman kocaman kalyonlar\u0131 vard\u0131. Bizimkiler onlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda kay\u0131k gibi kal\u0131yordu, onlar a\u015f\u0131p ge\u00e7ebiliyordu\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n
Gemileri karadan Za\u011fnos Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n ordusu y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc<\/p>\n
Za\u011fnos Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n komutas\u0131ndaki ordunun gemilerin karadan ge\u00e7irilmesini sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten Ayd\u0131n Ayhan, \u201cMacar Urban\u2019a d\u00f6kt\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc toplar, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck toplar\u0131 \u0130stanbul\u2019un fethinde \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u015fler yapt\u0131. \u0130stanbul surlar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 kademe halinde. Biri d\u0131\u015far\u0131da iki metre surlar var, esas onun \u00f6n\u00fcnde sava\u015f\u0131yorlar. Ondan sonra b\u00fcy\u00fck surlar var, bir de arkada daha b\u00fcy\u00fck surlar var. Za\u011fnos Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n ordusu; yakla\u015f\u0131k 50-60 bin ki\u015filik ordu Be\u015fikta\u015f s\u0131rtlar\u0131ndan; hani Beyo\u011flu taraf\u0131ndan Hali\u00e7\u2019e do\u011fru geldi. \u00d6b\u00fcr taraftan esas 300 bin ki\u015filik Fatih\u2019in ordusu sar\u0131yor. Hatta gemilerin karadan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi, Hali\u00e7\u2019e indirilmesi olay\u0131 o zaman ba\u015fl\u0131yor. Za\u011fnos Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n ordusu taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7ekiliyor ve Hali\u00e7\u2019e indiriliyor gemiler. Gemiler Hali\u00e7\u2019e indirildi\u011fi zaman zincirle Hali\u00e7\u2019i kapatm\u0131\u015f olan Bizans \u015fa\u015f\u0131r\u0131yor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Bizans\u2019\u0131n Hali\u00e7 taraf\u0131ndaki kalelerinde pek adam yok. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc esas m\u00fcdafaay\u0131 Fatih\u2019in 300 bin ki\u015filik ordusuna kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131yor. Birden bire Hali\u00e7 taraf\u0131ndan T\u00fcrk gemileri gelince Bizans kuvvetlerin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc oraya \u00e7ekiyor. B\u00f6ylelikle m\u00fcdafaa kuvvetleri zay\u0131flat\u0131l\u0131yor. Hatta dipten t\u00fcneller kaz\u0131yorlar, oradan girmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar. Y\u00fcr\u00fcyen sava\u015f kuleleri var. Yani Fatih ak\u0131l almaz \u015feyler icat ediyor ve bunlar\u0131 hemen uyguluyor. Bu arada fetihten bir g\u00fcn \u00f6nce Za\u011fnos Pa\u015fa\u2019ya bir emir veriyor. Diyor ki; \u201csallar yap, askerini sallarla Hali\u00e7\u2019in \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7ir.\u201d Ger\u00e7ekten de Za\u011fnos Pa\u015fa Galata\u2019daki Cenevizli meyhanecilerden dev boyutta f\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar sat\u0131n al\u0131yor, onlar\u0131 Hali\u00e7\u2019e diziyor ve askeri ko\u015farak kar\u015f\u0131ya ge\u00e7iriyor. \u0130slam askerlerinin sar\u0131klar\u0131 kefendir. Normal hepsinin ba\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fl\u0131k vard\u0131r, fakat kefenleri kolay olsun diye ba\u015flar\u0131na dolarlar. 28 May\u0131s g\u00fcn\u00fc bir emir veriyor \u201cbug\u00fcn b\u00fct\u00fcn ordumuz oru\u00e7lu olacak\u201d diyor. O g\u00fcn \u0130stanbul\u2019u fetheden ordu oru\u00e7ludur. O g\u00fcn toplar veriliyor fakat sald\u0131r\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131yor. O g\u00fcn fetih ordusu oru\u00e7lu ve bir emir daha geliyor \u201csar\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u201d diyor. Yani \u00f6l\u00fcme haz\u0131rlan\u0131n deniyor. Askerler de sar\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcyorlar ve \u00f6l\u00fcme haz\u0131rlan\u0131yorlar. O g\u00fcn ak\u015fama kadar sadece yapt\u0131klar\u0131 ibadet oluyor. Ak\u015fam namaz\u0131ndan sonra ordu surlar\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne diziliyor ve diz \u00e7\u00f6kerek hepsi namaz k\u0131lmaya ba\u015fl\u0131yorlar. Yani orada iki rekatl\u0131k Fetih Namaz\u0131, iki rekatl\u0131k \u00d6l\u00fcm Namaz\u0131 k\u0131l\u0131yorlar. Askerler b\u00f6ylelikle \u00f6l\u00fcme haz\u0131rlan\u0131yorlar. Ger\u00e7ekten de Fetih Namaz\u0131 k\u0131l\u0131nd\u0131ktan sonra, Yats\u0131 Namaz\u0131ndan sonra Fatih at\u0131na biniyor ve gece saat 01.00-01.30 gibi y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f emri veriliyor. Gece karanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ordu yava\u015f yava\u015f surlara yakla\u015f\u0131yor ve ilk h\u00fccum ba\u015fl\u0131yor. Sabaha kar\u015f\u0131 kalelerin \u00fcst\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015fl\u0131yorlar. Bizansl\u0131lar geri \u00e7ekilirken bir kap\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k kal\u0131yor ve o kap\u0131dan giriyorlar. Bizansl\u0131lar b\u00f6yle bir \u015feyi hi\u00e7 ummuyorlar ve birden bak\u0131yorlar ki T\u00fcrkler kalenin i\u00e7ine girmi\u015fler ve fetih ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f\u201d ifadelerini kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n
Za\u011fnos Pa\u015fa \u0130stanbul\u2019un fatihlerinden<\/p>\n
Za\u011fnos Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n fetihte ikinci komutan oldu\u011funu kaydeden Ayd\u0131n Ayhan, \u201c\u0130stanbul\u2019un fethine kat\u0131lanlar\u0131n hepsi Fatih unvanl\u0131 olarak ge\u00e7er. Za\u011fnos Pa\u015fa fetihte ikinci kumandand\u0131r. Fatih Sultan Mehmet esas ordunun kumandan\u0131, ondan sonraki 50 bin ki\u015filik ordunun kumandan\u0131 da Za\u011fnos Pa\u015fa\u2019d\u0131r. Yani Za\u011fnos Pa\u015fa \u0130stanbul fatihlerindendir\u201d diye konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
BALIKES\u0130R\u2019DE KEND\u0130 \u0130SM\u0130NE YAPTIRILAN CAM\u0130\u0130N\u0130N BAH\u00c7ES\u0130NDE T\u00dcRBES\u0130 BULUNAN ZA\u011eNOS PA\u015eA\u2019NIN \u0130STANBUL\u2019UN FETH\u0130NDE G\u00d6STERD\u0130\u011e\u0130 YARARLILIKLARI BALIKES\u0130RL\u0130 TAR\u0130H\u00c7\u0130-YAZAR AYDIN AYHAN \u0130HLAS HABER AJANSI\u2019NA ANLATTI.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":165718,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[1],"tags":[1073,39472,2478,10066,17599,22502,2213,7481,39473],"class_list":["post-165717","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genel","tag-ozel","tag-fethinde","tag-gemileri","tag-istanbulun","tag-karadan","tag-komutan","tag-pasa","tag-yuruten","tag-zagnos"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.tvturk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/ozel-istanbulun-fethinde-gemileri-karadan-yuruten-komutan-zagnos-pasa_e78f80b.jpg?fit=1000%2C666","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/paKIfm-H6R","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/165717","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=165717"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/165717\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/165718"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=165717"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=165717"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=165717"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}