Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n, “mobbing” olarak bilinen i\u015f yerinde psikolojik tacizle ilgili belirledi\u011fi kriterler \u00fczerine de\u011ferlendirmelerde bulunan \u0130stanbul K\u00fclt\u00fcr \u00dcniversitesi Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesi\u2019nden Dr. \u00d6\u011fr. \u00dcyesi \u00d6zge S\u0131rma Gezer, bir davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n \u2018mobbing\u2019 say\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u201csistematik olmas\u0131\u201d \u015fart\u0131 arand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtti. Gezer ayr\u0131ca, mobbing davas\u0131 a\u00e7an ki\u015finin, \u2018Ben mobbinge u\u011frad\u0131m\u2019 beyan\u0131n\u0131n da tek ba\u015f\u0131na yeterli kan\u0131t say\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izdi.<\/p>\n
\u0130\u015f yerinde i\u015fveren ya da di\u011fer \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar taraf\u0131ndan ki\u015fiyi bezdirmeye, y\u0131ld\u0131rmaya, i\u015ften ayr\u0131lmaya y\u00f6nelik uygulanan her t\u00fcrl\u00fc k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lama, tehdit, \u015fiddet gibi t\u00fcm uygulamalar Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n belirledi\u011fi kriterlerce \u201cmobbing\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131yor. Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz g\u00fcnlerde bir hukuk b\u00fcrosunda sekreter olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir kad\u0131n\u0131n, i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin i\u015fverence haks\u0131z \u015fekilde feshedildi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrerek k\u0131dem ve ihbar tazminatlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6denmesi istemiyle dava a\u00e7mas\u0131 sonucu Yarg\u0131tay 9. Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin, Alman Mahkemesi karar\u0131na at\u0131fta bulunarak davay\u0131 karara ba\u011flamas\u0131 T\u00fcrk Hukuk sisteminde \u2018mobbing\u2019 tan\u0131m\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 yeniden g\u00fcndeme getirdi.<\/p>\n
Konuyla ilgili de\u011ferlendirmelerde bulunan \u0130stanbul K\u00fclt\u00fcr \u00dcniversitesi Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesi\u2019nden Dr. \u00d6\u011fr. \u00dcyesi \u00d6zge S\u0131rma Gezer, T\u00fcrk ve Alman hukukuna g\u00f6re bir davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n mobbing say\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in sistematik (s\u00fcrekli) olmas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131 arand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaydederek, mobbinge u\u011frayan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n hangi haklara sahip oldu\u011fu, bu tip durumlarda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclecek yasal s\u00fcre\u00e7te nas\u0131l bir yol izlenmesi gerekti\u011fi konusunda bilgi verdi.<\/p>\n
Gezer, \u00fccret art\u0131\u015f\u0131nda e\u015fit davran\u0131lmamas\u0131, ki\u015finin amirleri taraf\u0131ndan s\u00fcrekli olarak a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lanmas\u0131 veya ki\u015finin \u0131srarl\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde izinli g\u00fcnlerinde \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya zorlanmas\u0131 gibi davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n da Yarg\u0131tay kararlar\u0131nda mobbing olarak tan\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n
\u201cMobbinge u\u011frayan ki\u015fi i\u015f akdini feshedebilir\u201d<\/p>\n
Mobbinge u\u011frayan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n yasal haklar\u0131 ve dava s\u00fcrecinin seyri hakk\u0131nda bilgi veren Gezer, \u201c\u00d6ncelikle i\u015f\u00e7inin \u2018hakl\u0131 nedenli i\u015f akdini feshetme hakk\u0131\u2019 g\u00fcndeme gelir. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda mobbing te\u015fkil eden davran\u0131\u015flar ayn\u0131 zamanda haks\u0131z fiil de olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131ndan i\u015f\u00e7inin tazminat talep etmesi s\u00f6z konusudur. E\u011fer \u2018ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k tazminat\u0131\u2019 \u015fartlar\u0131 varsa, i\u015f kanunu anlam\u0131nda bu tazminata h\u00fckmedilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra e\u011fer i\u015f\u00e7inin maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 mobbing te\u015fkil edecek davran\u0131\u015flar su\u00e7sa, \u00f6rne\u011fin i\u015f\u00e7i hakarete u\u011frad\u0131ysa ya da cinsel tacize u\u011frad\u0131ysa mobbingde bulunan ki\u015finin cezai sorumlulu\u011fu devam eder. Yani su\u00e7 i\u015flemi\u015f olur. Bu konuda a\u00e7\u0131lan davalar ise genellikle 2 y\u0131l ila 10 y\u0131l aras\u0131nda devam eder\u201d diye konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2018Ben mobbinge u\u011frad\u0131m\u2019 demek yeterli de\u011fil\u201d<\/p>\n
Mobbinge u\u011frayan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n hakklar\u0131n\u0131 aramak i\u00e7in yasal olarak nas\u0131l bir yol izlemesi gerekti\u011fine de\u011finen Gezer \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yledi:<\/p>\n
\u201cYarg\u0131tay, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n beyan\u0131nda yaln\u0131zca \u2018Ben mobbinge u\u011frad\u0131m\u2019 demesini ya da i\u015f\u00e7inin beyan\u0131yla hareket eden tan\u0131k ifadelerini yeterli g\u00f6rm\u00fcyor. Bir ki\u015finin mobbinge u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131na bizzat \u015fahit olan tan\u0131klar\u0131n olmas\u0131, bunu ispat edecek video kayd\u0131 veya g\u00fcvenlik kameras\u0131 kayd\u0131, kan\u0131t olarak sunulabilir. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra ki\u015fi mobbinge u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in psikolojik yard\u0131m ald\u0131ysa bunu ispat edecek nitelikte bir rapor, re\u00e7ete ya da doktor faturas\u0131 da kan\u0131t olarak sunulabilir.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201cFiziksel \u015fiddet de mobbingdir\u201d<\/p>\n
Mobbing kavram\u0131n\u0131n son d\u00f6nemlerde \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131, \u201c\u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n kendi haklar\u0131ndan daha fazla haberdar olmaya ba\u015flamalar\u0131\u201d \u015feklinde a\u00e7\u0131klayan Gezer, \u201cBundan birka\u00e7 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine kadar cinsel taciz davalar\u0131n\u0131 da \u00e7ok duymuyorduk. Fakat ki\u015filer bu konuda bilin\u00e7lendik\u00e7e, bas\u0131n yay\u0131n organlar\u0131 bu konuda yay\u0131nlar yapt\u0131k\u00e7a, ki\u015filerin bu konudaki fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131 artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bizler de bu davalar\u0131 daha s\u0131k duyar hale geldik. Yoksa i\u015f yerlerinde daha \u00f6nce de bask\u0131lar uygulan\u0131yordu. Psikolojik ve fiziksel bir tak\u0131m s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar ya\u015fan\u0131yordu. Nitekim mobbing, yaln\u0131zca psikolojik olarak uygulanmaz. Fiziksel \u015fiddet de mobbingdir. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n kafas\u0131na bir \u015fey atmak da mobbingdir. Bu tip davran\u0131\u015flar, \u00f6nceden \u00e7ok g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde de\u011fildi. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n i\u015fini kaybetme korkusu veya ki\u015filerin bu konuda yeterince bilin\u00e7li olmamas\u0131 buna etkendi. Ancak bu durum de\u011fi\u015fti. \u015eu anda herkes daha bilin\u00e7li ve hakk\u0131n\u0131 arama noktas\u0131nda daha cesur davranabiliyor\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
YARGITAY\u2019IN, “MOBB\u0130NG” OLARAK B\u0130L\u0130NEN \u0130\u015e YER\u0130NDE PS\u0130KOLOJ\u0130K TAC\u0130ZLE \u0130LG\u0130L\u0130 BEL\u0130RLED\u0130\u011e\u0130 KR\u0130TERLER \u00dcZER\u0130NE DE\u011eERLEND\u0130RMELERDE BULUNAN \u0130STANBUL K\u00dcLT\u00dcR \u00dcN\u0130VERS\u0130TES\u0130 HUKUK FAK\u00dcLTES\u0130\u2019NDEN DR. \u00d6\u011eR. \u00dcYES\u0130 \u00d6ZGE SIRMA GEZER, B\u0130R DAVRANI\u015eIN \u2018MOBB\u0130NG\u2019 SAYILMASI \u0130\u00c7\u0130N \u201cS\u0130STEMAT\u0130K OLMASI\u201d \u015eARTI ARANDI\u011eINI BEL\u0130RTT\u0130.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[1],"tags":[8688,3195,2039,21616,40645,41479],"class_list":["post-171718","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-genel","tag-yeterli","tag-ben","tag-degil","tag-demek","tag-mobbinge","tag-ugradim"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/paKIfm-IFE","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/171718","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=171718"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/171718\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=171718"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=171718"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=171718"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}