Avner Wishnitzer\u2019in , Ge\u00e7 Osmanl\u0131\u2019da Saat ve Zaman : Alaturka Saatleri Okumak adl\u0131 kitab\u0131 raflardaki yerini ald\u0131.<\/p>\n
Avner Wishnitzer\u2019in, 18. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonundan itibaren Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nda zaman kavram\u0131 ve ara\u00e7lar\u0131nda ya\u015fanan de\u011fi\u015fimi, modernizm ve reform \u00e7abalar\u0131yla da ili\u015fkilendirerek inceledi\u011fi bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 Alaturka Saatleri Okumak \u0130\u015f Bankas\u0131 K\u00fclt\u00fcr Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 etiketiyle raflardaki yerini ald\u0131.<\/p>\n
Ercan Ert\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn \u00e7evirisini yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Alaturka Saatleri Ayarlama adl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, 18. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonuna kadar kendi zaman k\u00fclt\u00fcrleri \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde kalan Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bu tutumunun 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda k\u00fcresel ekonomiyle giderek b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmesi ve modern devlet in\u015fas\u0131 s\u00fcreciyle birlikte nas\u0131l de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fini, bu de\u011fi\u015fimin iktidar ve egemenlik m\u00fccadeleleriyle nas\u0131l i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7ti\u011fini, nas\u0131l sembolik de\u011ferler y\u00fcklendi\u011fini irdeliyor.<\/p>\n
Wishnitzer\u2019in ar\u015fiv belgelerini oldu\u011fu kadar, \u015fiirlerden \u00f6yk\u00fclere, romanlardan an\u0131lara pek \u00e7ok edebi kayna\u011f\u0131 da kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu \u00f6zg\u00fcn ve s\u00fcr\u00fckleyici \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma 5 b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fuyor. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Zaman k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcndeki de\u011fi\u015fimin sosyal gruplar\u0131n me\u015fruiyet aray\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir arenaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesini de \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6nleriyle ele al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmada ge\u00e7en \u2018Zaman Disiplinine Sahip \u00d6\u011fretmenler\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmde Osmanl\u0131 okullar\u0131ndaki zaman yap\u0131s\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekilde ele al\u0131n\u0131yor: \u201cGe\u00e7 d\u00f6nem Osmanl\u0131 okullar\u0131ndaki herkesi kapsayan zaman yap\u0131s\u0131na uymak zorunda olanlar yaln\u0131zca \u00f6\u011frenciler de\u011fildi; \u00f6\u011fretmenlerin de \u00f6zenle haz\u0131rlanan o \u00e7izelgelere uymas\u0131 bekleniyordu. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u0130stanbul\u2019daki r\u00fc\u015ftiye mekteplerinin i\u00e7 idaresi hakk\u0131ndaki talimat, \u00f6\u011fretmenlere derslere belirlenen saatte girme ve ders s\u00fcresi sona ermeden asla \u00e7\u0131kmama y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc getiriyordu. Ayr\u0131ca, belirlenen saatten on dakika ge\u00e7 gelen \u00f6\u011fretmenler o g\u00fcn hi\u00e7 gelmemi\u015f say\u0131l\u0131yordu. Bu durumda giremedikleri derslerin \u00fccreti maa\u015flar\u0131ndan kesiliyordu. Ge\u00e7 kalmay\u0131 al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131k haline getirmi\u015f \u00f6\u011fretmenlerin (evkat-i muayyenesinden sonra gelmeyi itiyad eden muallimler) okul m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan r\u00fc\u015ftiye okullar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu idari kuruma bildirilmesi gerekiyordu.<\/p>\n
Zaman yap\u0131lar\u0131, yukar\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klanan bi\u00e7imde zaman cetvelleriyle belirlenirken i\u00e7eri\u011fi de \u00f6\u011fretim programlar\u0131nda yer alan ders saati \u015femalar\u0131nca olu\u015fturuluyordu. Bu programlarda ana hatlar\u0131yla yer alan i\u00e7eri\u011fin ger\u00e7ek anlamda aktar\u0131m\u0131, yaln\u0131zca resmi onay alm\u0131\u015f ders kitaplar\u0131na dayan\u0131larak yap\u0131labilirdi.85 Daha \u00f6nce a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, her konu i\u00e7in haftal\u0131k belirli say\u0131da ders ayr\u0131l\u0131yordu. \u0130dadi mekteplerinin i\u00e7 idaresi hakk\u0131ndaki talimat haftal\u0131k program\u0131n d\u00fczenlenme bi\u00e7imine ili\u015fkin ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamalar da i\u00e7eriyordu. \u00d6rne\u011fin Frans\u0131zca ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7e d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, bir hafta i\u00e7inde ayn\u0131 konu hakk\u0131ndaki iki ders aras\u0131nda bir ya da en fazla iki g\u00fcn olmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyordu. T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ve Frans\u0131zcan\u0131n, g\u00fcnde iki saatten fazla olmamak kayd\u0131yla, iki g\u00fcn \u00fcst \u00fcste ya da iki ders saati \u00fcst \u00fcste okutulmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fc\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
AVNER W\u0130SHN\u0130TZER\u2019\u0130N , GE\u00c7 OSMANLI’DA SAAT VE ZAMAN : ALATURKA SAATLER\u0130 OKUMAK ADLI K\u0130TABI RAFLARDAK\u0130 YER\u0130N\u0130 ALDI.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":186944,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[656],"tags":[46488,6873,15078,39821,8319,902,24084,74],"class_list":["post-186943","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kultur-sanat","tag-alaturka","tag-gec","tag-okumak","tag-osmanlida","tag-raflarda","tag-saat","tag-saatleri","tag-zaman"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.tvturk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/gec-osmanlida-saat-ve-zaman-alaturka-saatleri-okumak-raflarda_9ba7a98.jpg?fit=1000%2C713","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/paKIfm-MDd","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/186943","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=186943"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/186943\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/186944"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=186943"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=186943"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=186943"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}