NASA y\u00f6neticisi Jim Bridenstine\u2019\u0131n, \u201cNASA y\u00f6neticisi Pl\u00fcto\u2019yu bir kez daha gezegen ilan etti diye yazabilirsiniz. Ben bu s\u00f6z\u00fcn arkas\u0131nday\u0131m, bu \u015fekilde \u00f6\u011frendim ve bu bilginin do\u011frulu\u011funun arkas\u0131nday\u0131m\u201d s\u00f6zleri gezegenlikten \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lan Pl\u00fcto hakk\u0131ndaki tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yeniden ba\u015flatt\u0131.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcne\u015f Sistemi\u2019nde en son ke\u015ffedilen gezegen olarak bilinen Pl\u00fcto\u2019nun \u2018gezegen\u2019 unvan\u0131n\u0131n elinden al\u0131nmas\u0131 bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 ikiye b\u00f6ld\u00fc. Son olarak NASA y\u00f6neticisi Jim Bridenstine\u2019\u0131n, \u201cNASA y\u00f6neticisi Pl\u00fcto\u2019yu bir kez daha gezegen ilan etti diye yazabilirsiniz. Ben bu s\u00f6z\u00fcn arkas\u0131nday\u0131m, bu \u015fekilde \u00f6\u011frendim ve bu bilginin do\u011frulu\u011funun arkas\u0131nday\u0131m\u201d s\u00f6zleri Pl\u00fcto konusundaki tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yeniden g\u00fcndeme getirdi.<\/p>\n
\u0130stanbul Ayd\u0131n \u00dcniversitesi G\u00f6k Bilimleri Ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve Uygulama Merkezi M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Prof. Dr. Orhan G\u00f6lba\u015f\u0131, Pl\u00fcto i\u00e7in tan\u0131mlanan \u2018c\u00fcce gezegen\u2019 kavram\u0131n\u0131 ve G\u00fcne\u015f Sistemi\u2019nin gizemli \u00fcyesinin ke\u015fif hik\u00e2yesini anlatt\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u2018Sistemin en ge\u00e7 ke\u015ffedilen gezegeniydi\u2019<\/p>\n
Pl\u00fcto\u2019nun G\u00fcne\u015f Sistemimizde son ke\u015ffedilen gezegen oldu\u011funu belirten G\u00f6lba\u015f\u0131, \u201c1781 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar G\u00fcne\u015f Sistemi\u2019mizde alt\u0131 gezegenin oldu\u011fu biliniyordu. Bunlar G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019e olan uzakl\u0131klar\u0131na g\u00f6re \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ralan\u0131yordu: Merk\u00fcr, Ven\u00fcs, Yer, Mars, J\u00fcpiter ve Sat\u00fcrn. Bu durum, 1781\u2019de William Herschel\u2019in kendi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 teleskopla Uran\u00fcs gezegenini ke\u015ffetmesine kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Uran\u00fcs teleskopla ke\u015ffedilen tek gezegen oldu. Daha sonra 1843 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130ngiliz astronom John Couch Adams, Uran\u00fcs\u2019\u00fcn y\u00f6r\u00fcngesindeki d\u00fczensizliklerin bir ba\u015fka g\u00f6kcisminin tedirginlik etkisinden kaynaklanabilece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 hesaplamalarla sekizinci gezegenin olas\u0131 y\u00f6r\u00fcngesini buldu. 1845-46 y\u0131llar\u0131nda, Adams\u2019tan habersiz olarak Frans\u0131z matematik\u00e7i Urbain Le Verrier de benzer hesaplamalar\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya duyars\u0131z kalmayan Berlin G\u00f6zlemevi m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Johan Gottfried Galle, teleskopunu Le Verrier\u2019in belirtti\u011fi y\u00f6ne do\u011frulttu ve aran\u0131lan gezegeni hesaplanandan \u00e7ok az farkl\u0131 bir yerde buldu. \u0130lk kez matematiksel bir y\u00f6ntemle ke\u015ffedilen bu yeni gezegene Nept\u00fcn ad\u0131 verildi. Buradan hareketle 9. gezegenin olas\u0131 konumu matematiksel yolla hesaplanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Ancak Pl\u00fcto bu etkiyi olu\u015fturabilecek kadar k\u00fctleli de\u011fildi. Pl\u00fcto g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn tamam\u0131n\u0131n tarand\u0131\u011f\u0131 foto\u011fraf plaklar\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesi sonunda Clyde W. Tombaugh taraf\u0131ndan, 18 \u015eubat 1930\u2019da, 23 ve 29 Ocak 1930 tarihlerinde \u00e7ekilen foto\u011fraflarda Pl\u00fcto\u2019yu buldu\u201d ifadelerini kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n
Gezegenin ismi i\u00e7in bir yar\u0131\u015fma d\u00fczenlendi. Uzun tart\u0131\u015fmalar sonunda yeni gezegene, 11 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Oxford\u2019lu \u00f6\u011frenci Venetia Burney taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6nerilen Pl\u00fcto (yeralt\u0131 tanr\u0131s\u0131) ad\u0131 verildi. Bu isim asl\u0131nda dondurucu ve karanl\u0131k gezegen i\u00e7in son derece uygundu. Pl\u00fcto\u2019nun ilk iki harfi Percival Lowell\u2019\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131n ve soyad\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f harflerini, son iki harfi de Tombough\u2019un ad\u0131n\u0131n ilk iki harfini ta\u015f\u0131yordu. B\u00f6ylece, hem mitolojik k\u00f6kenli olu\u015fu hem de bulan ki\u015fileri an\u0131msatmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan, gezegen adland\u0131rma gelene\u011fine de \u00e7ok uygundu.<\/p>\n
\u2018Eris\u2019in ke\u015ffi Pl\u00fcton\u2019un gezegenli\u011fine \u015f\u00fcphe d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc\u2019<\/p>\n
Prof. Dr. G\u00f6lba\u015f\u0131 Pl\u00fcton\u2019un hik\u00e2yesine, \u201cKe\u015ffinden sonra, g\u00f6zlemevleri Pl\u00fcto \u00fczerine ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fcler. Pl\u00fcto\u2019nun hafif uzam\u0131\u015f, armutsu bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc daha dikkatli inceleyen James W. Christy (Naval G\u00f6zlemevi), 22 Haziran 1978\u2019de Pl\u00fcto\u2019nun yaln\u0131z olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bir uydusu oldu\u011funu ke\u015ffetti. Uyduya \u00f6l\u00fcleri Yunan \u00f6l\u00fcm Tanr\u0131s\u0131 Hades\u2019e (Pl\u00fcto) ta\u015f\u0131yan kay\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 Charon\u2019un ad\u0131 verildi. Ke\u015ffinden sonra ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre\u00e7te hep g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, Pl\u00fcto\u2019nun bir uydusunun oldu\u011fu 48 y\u0131l boyunca fark edilememi\u015fti. Bu durum, G\u00fcne\u015f Sistemi\u2019nde yeni bir g\u00f6kcisminin ke\u015ffedilmesinin asl\u0131nda ne kadar zor oldu\u011funun da bir kan\u0131t\u0131yd\u0131. Yeni uydunun ke\u015ffiyle, Pl\u00fcto\u2019nun b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de kesin olarak belirlenmi\u015fti. Pl\u00fcto\u2019nun \u00e7ap\u0131 2 bin 274 km, Charon\u2019unki ise bin 212 km. idi. Bir ba\u015fka ilgin\u00e7 ayr\u0131nt\u0131 da \u015fuydu: Sistemin k\u00fctle merkezi, Pl\u00fcto ile Charon aras\u0131ndaki uzay bo\u015flu\u011funa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyordu. Oysa G\u00fcne\u015f Sistemimizde, gezegen ile uydusunun olu\u015fturdu\u011fu ortak k\u00fctle merkezinin ana gezegen \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015fmedi\u011fi ba\u015fka bir \u00f6rnek yoktu. 2005\u2019te Eris ke\u015ffedildi. Eris, Pl\u00fcto\u2019dan daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir Kuiper Ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131 cismi (KBO) olarak dikkat \u00e7ekti. E\u011fer Pl\u00fcton bir gezegen ise di\u011fer KBO\u2019lar gibi, Eris de gezegen s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na sokulmal\u0131yd\u0131. Bu durumda, \u201cbir cisme gezegen denmesi i\u00e7in, objektif ve bilimsel dayanak ne olmal\u0131yd\u0131?\u201d s\u00f6zleriyle devam etti.<\/p>\n
\u2018IAU Pl\u00fcton\u2019un kaderini belirlemek i\u00e7in topland\u0131\u2019<\/p>\n
\u0130stanbul Ayd\u0131n \u00dcniversitesi G\u00f6k Bilimleri Ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve Uygulama Merkezi M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Prof. Dr. Orhan G\u00f6lba\u015f\u0131, \u201cSonunda Uluslararas\u0131 Astronomi Birli\u011fi (IAU) duruma el koydu. IAU, astronomi terminolojisinde yetkili tek kurum olarak, yeni bir gezegen tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 14-25 A\u011fustos 2006 tarihleri aras\u0131nda Prag\u2019da yap\u0131lan 26. Genel Kurul Toplant\u0131s\u0131\u2019nda masaya yat\u0131rd\u0131. IAU Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Ron Ekers, toplant\u0131dan 2 y\u0131l \u00f6nce, kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n bu konuda bilgilendirilmesi ve y\u00f6nlendirilmesi i\u00e7in bir Gezegen Tan\u0131mlama Komitesi kurmu\u015ftu. Gezegen Tan\u0131mlama Komitesi, G\u00fcne\u015f Sistemi\u2019nde bulunan gezegen ve di\u011fer g\u00f6kcisimlerinin \u00fc\u00e7 s\u0131n\u0131fa ayr\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6neriyordu: Gezegen: G\u00fcne\u015f etraf\u0131nda bir y\u00f6r\u00fcngede dolanan kendi k\u00fctle \u00e7ekimi alt\u0131nda, hidrostatik denge halinde ve hemen hemen k\u00fcresel bir \u015fekle sahip olan ve y\u00f6r\u00fcngesinin yak\u0131n kom\u015fulu\u011funu temizlemi\u015f olan bir g\u00f6kcismidir. C\u00fcce gezegen: G\u00fcne\u015f etraf\u0131nda bir y\u00f6r\u00fcngede dolanan, kendi k\u00fctle \u00e7ekimi alt\u0131nda, hidrostatik denge halinde ve hemen hemen k\u00fcresel bir \u015fekle sahip olan ancak y\u00f6r\u00fcngesinin yak\u0131n kom\u015fulu\u011funu temizlememi\u015f olan ve kendisi bir gezegenin uydusu olmayan g\u00f6kcismidir. G\u00fcne\u015f Sistemi\u2019nin K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Nesneleri: G\u00fcne\u015f etraf\u0131nda y\u00f6r\u00fcngede dolanan ve yukar\u0131daki tan\u0131mlara girmeyen di\u011fer g\u00f6kcisimlerinin t\u00fcm\u00fc. Dolanma d\u00f6nemleri 200 y\u0131ldan daha uzun k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck cisimlerin t\u00fcm\u00fc, Ceres, Pl\u00fcton ve Eris d\u00e2hil, c\u00fcce gezegenler s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na giriyorlard\u0131\u201d ifadelerini kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u2018Gezegenli\u011fi elinden al\u0131nd\u0131, c\u00fcce gezegenlerin ilki kabul edildi\u2019<\/p>\n
Pl\u00fcto\u2019nun as\u0131l olarak zay\u0131f k\u00fctle \u00e7ekiminden dolay\u0131 \u2018gezegenlik\u2019 s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti\u011fini anlatan G\u00f6lba\u015f\u0131, \u201cSonunda, IAU Genel Kurulu\u2019nun 24 A\u011fustos 2006 tarihinde yap\u0131lan kapan\u0131\u015f oturumunda yeni gezegen tan\u0131mlamas\u0131 konusundaki \u00f6neriler oyland\u0131. C\u00fcce gezegen \u201cDwarf planet\u201d tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 kabul edildi. Pl\u00fcto\u2019nun \u201cc\u00fcce gezegen\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131 ve bu yeni t\u00fcr\u00fcn prototipi say\u0131lmas\u0131, 237 evet, 157 hay\u0131r ve 30 \u00e7ekimser oyla kabul edildi. Bu tan\u0131mla gelen yenili\u011fe g\u00f6re, gezegenler civarlar\u0131n\u0131 yak\u0131n kom\u015fuluklar\u0131nda bulunan g\u00f6kcisimlerinden temizleyecek kadar k\u00fctleli olmal\u0131yd\u0131. J\u00fcpiter, Sat\u00fcrn, Nept\u00fcn ve Uran\u00fcs gibi gezegenler de, temiz y\u00f6r\u00fcngelere sahip uydular\u0131yla bir aile olu\u015fturur. Olu\u015fan sistemde, uydular birbirleriyle \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fma riski olmadan kararl\u0131 y\u00f6r\u00fcngelerde dolan\u0131rlar. \u0130\u015fte bu dinamik etki gezegen belirlemede en etkin fakt\u00f6rlerden biri say\u0131ld\u0131 ve Pl\u00fcto\u2019nun k\u00fcme d\u00fc\u015fmesine neden oldu. B\u00f6ylece, masals\u0131 bir ke\u015fif sonunda uzun s\u00fcre g\u00f6kbilimcilerin ilgi oda\u011f\u0131 olan Pl\u00fcto\u2019nun bir alt k\u00fcmeye d\u00fc\u015fmesi, oy \u00e7oklu\u011fuyla da olsa kesinle\u015fmi\u015f oldu. Pl\u00fcto, Amerikal\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan ke\u015ffedilen ilk gezegen olmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan onlar i\u00e7in \u00f6nemliydi. NASA Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131nda bu unvan\u0131 kaybetmi\u015f olman\u0131n \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olabilir\u201d \u015feklinde konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
STANBUL AYDIN \u00dcN\u0130VERS\u0130TES\u0130 G\u00d6K B\u0130L\u0130MLER\u0130 ARA\u015eTIRMA VE UYGULAMA MERKEZ\u0130 M\u00dcD\u00dcR\u00dc PROF. DR. ORHAN G\u00d6LBA\u015eI, PL\u00dcTO \u0130\u00c7\u0130N TANIMLANAN \u2018C\u00dcCE GEZEGEN\u2019 KAVRAMINI VE G\u00dcNE\u015e S\u0130STEM\u0130\u2019N\u0130N G\u0130ZEML\u0130 \u00dcYES\u0130N\u0130N KE\u015e\u0130F H\u0130K\u00c2YES\u0130N\u0130 ANLATTI.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":200883,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[50569,3422,857,9211,50567,904,50568,3098],"class_list":["post-200882","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genel","tag-cuce","tag-alinan","tag-edildi","tag-elinden","tag-gezegen","tag-ilan","tag-pluto","tag-unvani"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.tvturk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/gezegen-unvani-elinden-alinan-pluto-cuce-gezegen-ilan-edildi_61af90c.jpg?fit=1000%2C666","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/paKIfm-Qg2","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/200882","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=200882"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/200882\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/200883"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=200882"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=200882"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=200882"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}