\u0130nan\u00e7 turizmi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki \u00f6nemli merkezlerden birisi olan Trabzon\u2019un Ma\u00e7ka il\u00e7esindeki S\u00fcmela Manast\u0131r\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fte hristiyan din adamlar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrg\u00fcn yeri oldu\u011fu belirtildi.<\/p>\n
Trabzon\u2019un Ma\u00e7ka il\u00e7esi Alt\u0131ndere k\u00f6y\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde Alt\u0131ndere Vadisi\u2019ne hakim Karada\u011f\u2019\u0131n eteklerinde sarp bir kayal\u0131k \u00fczerine Bizans \u0130mparatoru I. Theodosius zaman\u0131nda (375-395) Atina\u2019dan gelen Barnabas ve Sophranios isimli iki rahip taraf\u0131ndan kuruldu\u011funa inan\u0131lan S\u00fcmela Manast\u0131r\u0131 ile ilgili eserleri bulunan KT\u00dc Uluslararas\u0131 \u0130li\u015fkiler B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Siyasi Tarih Anabilim Dal\u0131 \u00d6\u011fretim \u00dcyesi Do\u00e7. Dr. \u0130smail K\u00f6se, S\u00fcmela Manast\u0131r\u0131\u2019nda bilinenin aksine hi\u00e7 kad\u0131n ya\u015famad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtirken bunun \u00e7ok kimse taraf\u0131ndan bilinmedi\u011fini s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n
S\u00fcmela Manast\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n erkek manast\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funu kaydeden K\u00f6se, \u201cOrtodoks Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7e\u015fit manast\u0131r vard\u0131r. Birinci \u00e7e\u015fit, erkek manast\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r ve erkek manast\u0131rlar\u0131nda sadece erkek ke\u015fi\u015fler g\u00f6rev yapar. Ke\u015fi\u015fler \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu evlenmezler. Karma manast\u0131rlarda ise rahibeler ve ke\u015fi\u015fler birlikte ya\u015farlar fakat ya\u015fl\u0131 ke\u015fi\u015fler 70-80 ya\u015f \u00fcst\u00fcd\u00fcr. Sadece uhrevi i\u015flerle u\u011fra\u015fabilecek ke\u015fi\u015fler rahibelerle birlikte karma manast\u0131rlarda ya\u015farlar ancak gen\u00e7 rahibeler ayn\u0131 manast\u0131rda bulunmaz. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00e7e\u015fit ise sadece rahibe manast\u0131rlar\u0131d\u0131r. Bu manast\u0131rlarda da rahibeler yaln\u0131z ya\u015farlar. S\u00fcmela Manast\u0131r\u0131 ise \u00e7ok zor bir b\u00f6lge. Sarp bir co\u011frafya ve \u00e7ok yo\u011fur kar ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131n zor oldu\u011fu bir b\u00f6lge. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla S\u00fcmela Manast\u0131r\u0131 erkek manast\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. Kay\u0131tlara ge\u00e7mi\u015f herhangi bir rahibenin S\u00fcmela Manast\u0131r\u0131nda olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biliyoruz ve zaten yoktur. S\u00fcmela Manast\u0131r\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 Kospidiyos K\u00f6y\u00fc\u2019nde bir k\u0131zlar manast\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funu biliyoruz. Di\u011fer bir manast\u0131rda Zigana Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n eteklerinde, vadinin bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Kiremitli K\u00f6y\u00fc yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda bulunmaktayd\u0131. Bu manast\u0131r 1858 y\u0131l\u0131nda tekrar kullan\u0131ma sokulmu\u015ftu ve bu manast\u0131r Vazolen Manast\u0131r\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131yd\u0131. Alt\u0131ndere Vadisi ve Kiremitli Vadisinde bulunan her iki manast\u0131rda sadece rahibeler ya\u015f\u0131yordu. Say\u0131lar\u0131 da \u00e7ok fazla de\u011fildi\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n
“Din adamlar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrg\u00fcn cezas\u0131 S\u00fcmela\u2019da infaz edilirdi”<\/p>\n
S\u00fcmela Manast\u0131r\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu konum itibar\u0131yla Orta\u00e7a\u011f\u2019da bir s\u00fcrg\u00fcn yeri olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Metropolit d\u00fczeyinde din adamlar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrg\u00fcn cezas\u0131n\u0131n S\u00fcmela\u2019da infaz edildi\u011fini ifade eden K\u00f6se, \u201cManast\u0131rlarda, ba\u011fl\u0131 olduklar\u0131 Metropolitlik ya da Ba\u015fpiskoposluklar taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6revlendirilen idareciler bulunur. Fakat manast\u0131r i\u015fleyi\u015fini ve gerekli i\u015fleri yapmakla ke\u015fi\u015fler g\u00f6revlidir. K\u0131zlar Manast\u0131rlar\u0131\u2019nda da ayn\u0131 uygulama ve hiyerar\u015fi mevcut olmakla birlikte, manast\u0131r i\u015fleri ve i\u015fleyi\u015ften rahibeler sorumludur. Bizim ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z co\u011frafyada Protestan ve Katolik Manast\u0131r\u0131 yok denecek kadar azd\u0131r. Protestanl\u0131k 16. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015f\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bir ak\u0131md\u0131r ve bildi\u011fimiz geleneksel manast\u0131r gelene\u011fi bu \u00f6\u011fretide yoktur. Katolik manast\u0131rlar\u0131 ise daha \u00e7ok Tuna\u2019n\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131nda Avrupa co\u011frafyas\u0131nda bulunmaktad\u0131r. Ke\u015fi\u015fler ve rahibeler evlenmedikleri i\u00e7in manast\u0131rlarda g\u00f6revin babadan o\u011fula ya da anneden k\u0131za ge\u00e7mesi gibi bir durum ya\u015fanmaz. Ke\u015fi\u015f ya da rahibe olmak tamamen ki\u015finin d\u00fcnya i\u015flerinden el etek \u00e7ekerek kendisini Tanr\u0131\u2019ya atama karar\u0131 sonras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Dilimize ke\u015fi\u015f olarak ge\u00e7en s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn semantik k\u00f6keni \u201cmonk\u201d tan gelir ve ifade yaln\u0131z ya\u015fayan anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bizans tarihinde d\u00fcnya i\u015flerinden el etek \u00e7ekerek kendisini manast\u0131ra kapatan, ya da cezaland\u0131r\u0131larak manast\u0131ra g\u00f6nderilen imparator, prenses ve prens \u00f6rnekleri \u00e7ok\u00e7a vard\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin S\u00fcmela Manast\u0131r\u0131 da bulundu\u011fu konum itibar\u0131yla Orta\u00e7a\u011f\u2019da bir s\u00fcrg\u00fcn yeri olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, metropolit d\u00fczeyinde din adamlar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrg\u00fcn cezas\u0131 S\u00fcmela\u2019da infaz edilmi\u015ftir. Osmanl\u0131 Devleti topraklar\u0131nda (Balkanlar, Anadolu ve Kafkaslar) b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda Ortodoks tebaa ya\u015famaktayd\u0131. Bu nedenle T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnde Ortodoks rit\u00fcellerine a\u015final\u0131k vard\u0131r; hatta halk geleneklerinde birlikte ya\u015famdan kalan motifler halen Anadolu\u2019da g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir durumdad\u0131r\u201d diye konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n
\u0130smail K\u00f6se kimdir?<\/p>\n
Karadeniz Teknik \u00dcniversitesi Uluslararas\u0131 \u0130li\u015fkiler B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u2019nde g\u00f6rev yapan Do\u00e7. Dr. \u0130smail K\u00f6se, 20 y\u0131l gibi uzun bir s\u00fcre Profesyonel Kokartl\u0131 \u00dclkesel Rehber olarak T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin her yerinde g\u00f6rev ve incelemede bulundu. Balkanlar\u2019daki manast\u0131rlar\u0131 inceleyerek iki gelenek aras\u0131ndaki benzerlikler \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan K\u00f6se, b\u00f6lgeyle ilgili en detayl\u0131 eseri olan \u201cKaradeniz\u2019deki Bizans D\u00f6nemi Eserleri ve B\u00f6lge Topografyas\u0131\u201d adl\u0131 eseri \u0130ngilizce\u2019den T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019ye \u00e7evirdi. K\u00f6se\u2019nin S\u00fcmela ve freskleriyle ilgili T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ve \u0130ngilizce dillerinde \u00fc\u00e7 kitab\u0131, Ayasofya ve Trabzon tarihiyle ilgili iki kitab\u0131, ulusal ve uluslaras\u0131 akademik dergilerde yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f \u00e7ok say\u0131da T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ve \u0130ngilizce makalesi bulunuyor. S\u00fcmela ve Ayasofya\u2019n\u0131n fresklerini detayl\u0131 olarak kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 inceleyen ilk iki kitap T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ve \u0130ngilizce olarak 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda K\u00f6se taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nland\u0131. S\u00f6z konusu kitap 2. bask\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u00dcRK\u0130YE\u2019N\u0130N \u0130NAN\u00c7 TUR\u0130ZM\u0130 Y\u00d6N\u00dcNDEN \u00d6NEML\u0130 MERKEZLER\u0130NDEN B\u0130R\u0130S\u0130 OLAN TRABZON\u2019UN MA\u00c7KA \u0130L\u00c7ES\u0130NDEK\u0130 TAR\u0130H\u0130 S\u00dcMELA MANASTIRI\u2019NIN B\u0130R \u015e\u0130FRES\u0130 DAHA \u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcLD\u00dc.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":203494,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[656],"tags":[51331,1525,25241,19943,37056,51332],"class_list":["post-203493","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kultur-sanat","tag-adamlarinin","tag-din","tag-hristiyan","tag-sumela","tag-surgun","tag-yeriymis"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.tvturk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/sumela-hristiyan-din-adamlarinin-surgun-yeriymis_2166fc8.jpg?fit=1000%2C562","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/paKIfm-QW9","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/203493","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=203493"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/203493\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/203494"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=203493"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=203493"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=203493"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}