Silivri\u2019de ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz hafta ya\u015fanan 5,8 \u015fiddetindeki deprem T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin y\u00fcre\u011fini a\u011fz\u0131na getirirken, i\u015fin uzmanlar\u0131 25 ya\u015f\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck binalarda riskin y\u00fcksek oldu\u011funa dikkat \u00e7ekiyor. Bursa Beton Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Barbaros Onulay, ge\u00e7mi\u015fte ya\u015fanan 17 A\u011fustos ve 12 Kas\u0131m facialar\u0131n\u0131n beton kaynakl\u0131 oldu\u011funu ifade ederek, “\u0130lk beton standard\u0131 1994 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131nland\u0131. \u00d6ncesindeki kullan\u0131lan betonlar\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 sistemlerde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na izin verilmiyor” dedi.<\/p>\n
Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz hafta \u0130stanbul\u2019un Silivri il\u00e7esinde meydana gelen Kandilli Rasathanesi\u2019nin verilerine g\u00f6re 6.0, AFAD verilerine g\u00f6re 5.8 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki deprem, beklenen b\u00fcy\u00fck Marmara Depremi \u00f6ncesinde adeta T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi aya\u011fa kald\u0131rd\u0131. \u0130stanbul ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere Kocaeli, Sakarya, Yalova ve Bursa\u2019daki riskli yap\u0131lar\u0131n gelece\u011fini bir kez daha tart\u0131\u015fmaya a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. \u00d6zellikle in\u015faatlarda kullan\u0131lan betonun kalitesinin deprem ve do\u011fal afet durumlar\u0131nda ne kadar \u00f6nemli oldu\u011fu g\u00fcn y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131karken Bursa Beton Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Barbaros Onulay a\u00e7\u0131klamalarda bulundu.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin b\u00fcy\u00fck felaketi ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 17 A\u011fustos\u2019un ard\u0131ndan T\u00fcrkiye \u00f6zellikle in\u015faat sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde yap\u0131sal de\u011fi\u015fimlere gitti. Geli\u015fen teknoloji ile birlikte modern ve depreme dayan\u0131kl\u0131 binalar in\u015fa edilirken olas\u0131 depremlerdeki can ve mal kayb\u0131n\u0131 en aza indirmek i\u00e7in \u00f6zellikle in\u015faatlarda kullan\u0131lan beton kalitesi; y\u0131k\u0131lan binlerce bina, giden y\u00fczlerce can ve depremin verdi\u011fi ekonomik zarar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan bir kez daha g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne serildi.<\/p>\n
Beton denildi\u011finde ilk akla gelen firma olan Bursa Beton\u2019un Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Barbaros Onulay deprem y\u00f6netmeli\u011finden \u00f6nceki binalar\u0131n neden riskli oldu\u011funa, binalar\u0131n nas\u0131l g\u00fcvenli hale getirilmesi gerekti\u011finden, kaliteli betonun neden \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funa, depremin etkilerini en aza indirmek i\u00e7in neler yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine dair \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamalarda bulundu.<\/p>\n
“Bir deprem T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin kaderini de\u011fi\u015ftirdi”<\/p>\n
Bursa Beton\u2019un Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Barbaros Onulay, deprem y\u00f6netmeli\u011finden \u00f6nceki binalar\u0131n neden riskli oldu\u011funa dair yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada in\u015faatlardaki yap\u0131sal d\u00fczenlemelere de\u011finerek \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yledi, \u201cSa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131, g\u00fcvenli ve uzun \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc yap\u0131lar i\u00e7in; do\u011fru ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 sistemin se\u00e7imi, projelendirilmesi, uygulanmas\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenilir yap\u0131 malzemelerinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6nem arz etmektedir. \u0130lk olarak 08.09.2002 tarihli Resmi Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131mlanan ve 01.01.2007 tarihi itibariyle de zorunlu olarak uygulamaya konulan \u2018Yap\u0131 Malzemeleri Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi\u2019 ile g\u00fcvenilir malzeme hususu b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede \u2018g\u00fcvenli yap\u0131lar ancak g\u00fcvenli yap\u0131 malzemeleriyle \u00fcretilebilir\u2019 ilkesi do\u011frultusunda yap\u0131larda kalite ve yeterlili\u011fini ispat etmi\u015f, ilgili standartlara ve amac\u0131na uygun malzemelerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunlu hale gelmi\u015ftir.\u201d<\/p>\n
“Facian\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc betondan kaynakl\u0131”<\/p>\n
Onulay \u015f\u00f6yle devam etti, \u201c90\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n sonuna kadar \u00fclkemizde in\u015fa edilen yap\u0131larla ilgili, d\u00f6nemin gereklilikleri yerine getirilmi\u015f olsa da, yukar\u0131da belirtilen hususlar dahilinde yeterli bir tasar\u0131m yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir. 1999 depremi sonras\u0131 yap\u0131lan incelemelerde, pek \u00e7ok yap\u0131da kullan\u0131lan betonun, bug\u00fcn ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 sistemlerde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na izin verilmeyen C16 (cm2 ba\u015f\u0131na 160 kg ta\u015f\u0131ma g\u00fcc\u00fc) s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 bile sa\u011flayamad\u0131\u011f\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun C8-C12 mertebesinde oldu\u011fu sonucu ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n
“25 ya\u015f\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck binalar risk alt\u0131nda”<\/p>\n
\u0130lk beton \u00fcretim standard\u0131n\u0131n 1994 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131nland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulayan Onulay, \u015fu ifadeleri kulland\u0131, \u201dO d\u00f6nem ve daha \u00f6ncesindeki en y\u00fcksek beton s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcncel yasalara g\u00f6re ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 sistemlerde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na izin verilmeyen beton s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde \u00f6zellikle 25 ya\u015f \u00fczerindeki yap\u0131lar\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131l olarak daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir risk alt\u0131nda oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. 80\u2019li y\u0131llar ve \u00f6ncesinde y\u00fcksek beton dayan\u0131m s\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131 betonlardan s\u00f6z etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilindi\u011fine g\u00f6re mekansal anlamda g\u00fcvensiz olan eski yap\u0131la\u015fmalar\u0131n kentsel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm projeleri kapsam\u0131nda g\u00fcvenli hale getirilmesi vatanda\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z i\u00e7in \u00f6nem arz etmektedir. Yerle\u015fme ve yap\u0131la\u015fmalar\u0131n etkin denetiminin sa\u011flanmas\u0131, ka\u00e7ak yap\u0131la\u015fman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi, belirlenen tehlike ve riskleri \u00f6nleyen, d\u0131\u015flayan veya etkilerini azaltan \u00f6nlemlerin farkl\u0131 ama\u00e7 ve \u00f6l\u00e7eklerdeki mekansal planlama \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131 , yeni yap\u0131lar\u0131n sosyal unsurlar, yasal unsurlar, ekonomik ko\u015fullar, fiziksel \u00f6zellikler ve y\u00f6netsel unsurlar dikkate al\u0131narak in\u015faa edilmesi bu \u00fcz\u00fcc\u00fc vakalar\u0131n tekrar ya\u015fanmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in al\u0131nabilecek tedbirlerdir.<\/p>\n
“Risk tespiti nas\u0131l yap\u0131l\u0131r?”<\/p>\n
Vatanda\u015flar\u0131n, \u201c\u00c7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m ya da ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m binan\u0131n risk alt\u0131nda olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l bilebilirim?\u201d sorusuna cevap arad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade eden Onulay konu ile ilgili a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k getirerek s\u00fcreci k\u0131saca \u015f\u00f6yle anlatt\u0131,\u201cBakanl\u0131k\u00e7a lisans verilmi\u015f ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z firmalar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla binan\u0131zda inceleme yapt\u0131rabilirsiniz.Riskli Yap\u0131lar, 6306 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun Uygulama Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi\u2019nde yer alan \u2018Riskli Yap\u0131lar\u0131n Tespit Edilmesine \u0130li\u015fkin Esaslar\u2019a g\u00f6re tespit edilmektedir.\u201d<\/p>\n
“Denetimsizlik faciaya yol a\u00e7\u0131yor”<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de yap\u0131 sto\u011funun \u00e7o\u011funun betonarme oldu\u011funu ve \u00f6zellikle ge\u00e7mi\u015fte, her deprem sonras\u0131nda y\u0131k\u0131lan binalarda beton \u00fcretici ve yap\u0131 denet\u00e7ilerinin beton denetimine \u00f6nem vermesi gerekti\u011finin ac\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar sonunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 vurgulayan Onulay, \u201c Gerek son y\u0131llarda ya\u015fanan depremler ve gerekse de betonun giderek daha \u00f6zellikli yap\u0131larda kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 beton nitelik denetimi ve kabul ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli bir hale getirmi\u015ftir Son depremler s\u0131ras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck hasar g\u00f6ren yap\u0131lar incelendi\u011finde yap\u0131la\u015fman\u0131n h\u0131zl\u0131 oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgede betonla ilgili temel bilgilerin kullan\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve gerekli denetimlerin yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirgin bi\u00e7imde ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d dedi<\/p>\n
Binalar nas\u0131l daha g\u00fcvenli hale getirilir?<\/p>\n
Mevcut yap\u0131lar betonarme, \u00e7elik konstr\u00fcksiyon ve karbon elyaf malzemeleri kullan\u0131larak daha g\u00fcvenli hale getirmenin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu ifade eden Onulay yap\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmede nelere dikkat edilmesi gerekti\u011fi hakk\u0131nda ise \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yledi, \u201cBu malzemelerle mantolama (yap\u0131 eleman\u0131n\u0131 sarma), temel derinle\u015ftirilmesi, kolon geni\u015fletilmesi, d\u00f6\u015feme kal\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, eleman baz\u0131nda ya da sistem baz\u0131nda birtak\u0131m iyile\u015ftirmelerin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. 12 Kas\u0131m 1999 D\u00fczce Depremi \u00f6ncesinde g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilen yap\u0131lar\u0131n, depremde can kayb\u0131n\u0131 engellemesi , do\u011fru projelerin i\u015fe yarad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterebilmi\u015ftir. Yine 1999 depreminde Adapazar\u0131 vilayet kona\u011f\u0131 ve 2011 depreminde Simav\/K\u00fctahya\u2019da bir ilk\u00f6\u011fretim okulunun g\u00f6\u00e7meden ayakta kalabildi\u011fine tan\u0131kl\u0131k ettik. Bu yap\u0131lar\u0131n ve daha bir\u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme \u00f6rne\u011finin deprem s\u0131navlar\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131yla atlatabildi\u011fini s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. Ancak \u00f6zellikle belirtmek isterim ki bu konuda \u00f6nemli nokta do\u011fru proje ve do\u011fru uygulamad\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
BURSA BETON GENEL M\u00dcD\u00dcR\u00dc BARBAROS ONULAY A\u00c7IKLAMALARDA BULUNDU<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":209559,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[19],"tags":[3114,1133,545,15121,13912],"class_list":["post-209558","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ekonomi","tag-altinda","tag-binalar","tag-buyuk","tag-risk","tag-yasindan"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.tvturk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/25-yasindan-buyuk-binalar-risk-altinda_2bf907a.jpg?fit=1000%2C662","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/paKIfm-SvY","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/209558","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=209558"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/209558\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/209559"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=209558"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=209558"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=209558"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}