Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz g\u00fcnlerde \u0130stanbul\u2019un Silivri il\u00e7esinde meydana gelen deprem, beklenen b\u00fcy\u00fck Marmara depremi \u00f6ncesinde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi aya\u011fa kald\u0131rd\u0131. \u0130stanbul ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere Kocaeli, Sakarya, Yalova ve Bursa\u2019daki riskli yap\u0131lar\u0131n gelece\u011fini bir kez daha tart\u0131\u015fmaya a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. \u00d6zellikle in\u015faatlarda kullan\u0131lan betonun kalitesinin deprem ve do\u011fal afet durumlar\u0131nda ne kadar \u00f6nemli oldu\u011fu g\u00fcn y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131karken, Bursa Beton Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Barbaros Onulay a\u00e7\u0131klamalarda bulundu.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin b\u00fcy\u00fck fel\u00e2keti ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 17 A\u011fustos\u2019un ard\u0131ndan T\u00fcrkiye \u00f6zellikle in\u015faat sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde yap\u0131sal de\u011fi\u015fimlere gitti. Geli\u015fen teknoloji ile birlikte modern ve depreme dayan\u0131kl\u0131 binalar in\u015fa edilirken muhtemel depremlerdeki can ve mal kayb\u0131n\u0131 asgariye indirmek i\u00e7in \u00f6zellikle in\u015faatlarda kullan\u0131lan beton kalitesi; y\u0131k\u0131lan binlerce bina, giden y\u00fczlerce can ve depremin verdi\u011fi ekonomik zarar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan bir kez daha g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne serildi.<\/p>\n
Bursa Beton\u2019dan \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 uyar\u0131lar<\/p>\n
Beton denildi\u011finde ilk akla gelen firma olan Bursa Beton\u2019un Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Barbaros Onulay. deprem y\u00f6netmeli\u011finden \u00f6nceki binalar\u0131n neden riskli oldu\u011funa, binalar\u0131n nas\u0131l g\u00fcvenli hale getirilmesi gerekti\u011fine dair \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamalarda bulundu. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin deprem riskinin y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu bir \u00fclke oldu\u011funa da i\u015faret eden Onulay, depreme kar\u015f\u0131 k\u00f6kl\u00fc tedbirler al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini ve depreme dayan\u0131kl\u0131 binalar i\u00e7in kaliteli betonun \u00f6nemine vurgu yaparak, \u201cBursa Beton olarak biz yap\u0131lar\u0131n depreme kar\u015f\u0131 dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda beton kalitesinin \u00f6nemini vurgulayan bilin\u00e7lendirme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla konuyu s\u00fcrekli g\u00fcndemde tutmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yoruz. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc hayat\u0131na de\u011fer veren bilin\u00e7li t\u00fcketicilerin kalitesiz haz\u0131r beton kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 engelleyece\u011fine inan\u0131yoruz\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n
Barbaros Onulay, deprem y\u00f6netmeli\u011finden \u00f6nceki binalar\u0131n neden riskli oldu\u011funa dair yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada, \u201cSa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131, g\u00fcvenli ve uzun \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc yap\u0131lar i\u00e7in do\u011fru ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 sistemin se\u00e7imi, projelendirilmesi, uygulanmas\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenilir yap\u0131 malzemelerinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6nem arz etmektedir. \u0130lkolarak 08.09.2002 tarihli Resmi Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131mlanan ve 01.01.2007 tarihi itibariyle de zorunlu olarak uygulamaya konulan \u201cYap\u0131 Malzemeleri Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi\u201d ile g\u00fcvenilir malzeme hususu b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede \u201cg\u00fcvenli yap\u0131lar ancak g\u00fcvenli yap\u0131 malzemeleriyle \u00fcretilebilir\u201d ilkesi do\u011frultusunda yap\u0131larda kalite ve yeterlili\u011fini ispat etmi\u015f, ilgili standartlara ve amac\u0131na uygun malzemelerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 mecburi hale gelmi\u015ftir. 90\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n sonuna kadar \u00fclkemizde in\u015fa edilen yap\u0131larla ilgili, d\u00f6nemin gereklilikleri yerine getirilmi\u015f olsa da, yukar\u0131da belirtilen hususlar d\u00e2hilinde yeterli bir tasar\u0131m yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir. 1999 depremi sonras\u0131 yap\u0131lan incelemelerde, pek \u00e7ok yap\u0131da kullan\u0131lan betonun, bug\u00fcn ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 sistemlerde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na izin verilmeyen C16 (cm2 ba\u015f\u0131na 160 kg ta\u015f\u0131ma g\u00fcc\u00fc) s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 bile sa\u011flayamad\u0131\u011f\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun C8-C12 mertebesinde oldu\u011fu sonucu ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u0130lk beton standart\u0131 1994\u2019te yay\u0131nland\u0131<\/p>\n
\u0130lk beton \u00fcretim standard\u0131n\u0131n 1994 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131nland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulayan Onulay, \u015fu ifadeleri kulland\u0131:<\/p>\n
\u201dO d\u00f6nem ve daha \u00f6ncesindeki en y\u00fcksek beton s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcncel yasalara g\u00f6re ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 sistemlerde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na izin verilmeyen beton s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde \u00f6zellikle 25 ya\u015f \u00fczerindeki yap\u0131lar\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131l olarak daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir risk alt\u0131nda oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. 80\u2019li y\u0131llar ve \u00f6ncesinde y\u00fcksek beton dayan\u0131m s\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131 betonlardan s\u00f6z etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilindi\u011fine g\u00f6re mekansal anlamda g\u00fcvensiz olan eski yap\u0131la\u015fmalar\u0131n kentsel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm projeleri kapsam\u0131nda g\u00fcvenli hale getirilmesi vatanda\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z i\u00e7in \u00f6nem arz etmektedir. Yerle\u015fme ve yap\u0131la\u015fmalar\u0131n etkin denetiminin sa\u011flanmas\u0131, ka\u00e7ak yap\u0131la\u015fman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi, belirlenen tehlike ve riskleri \u00f6nleyen, d\u0131\u015flayan veya etkilerini azaltan \u00f6nlemlerin farkl\u0131 ama\u00e7 ve \u00f6l\u00e7eklerdeki mekansal planlama \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131 , yeni yap\u0131lar\u0131n sosyal unsurlar, yasal unsurlar, ekonomik ko\u015fullar, fiziksel \u00f6zellikler ve y\u00f6netsel unsurlar dikkate al\u0131narak in\u015faa edilmesi bu \u00fcz\u00fcc\u00fc vakalar\u0131n tekrar ya\u015fanmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in al\u0131nabilecek tedbirlerdir.\u201d<\/p>\n
Mevcut yap\u0131lar betonarme, \u00e7elik konstr\u00fcksiyon ve karbon elyaf malzemeleri kullan\u0131larak daha g\u00fcvenli hale getirmenin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu ifade eden Onulay, yap\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmede nelere dikkat edilmesi gerekti\u011fi hakk\u0131nda ise \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yledi:<\/p>\n
\u201cBu malzemelerle mantolama (yap\u0131 eleman\u0131n\u0131 sarma), temel derinle\u015ftirilmesi, kolon geni\u015fletilmesi, d\u00f6\u015feme kal\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, eleman baz\u0131nda ya da sistem baz\u0131nda birtak\u0131m iyile\u015ftirmelerin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. 12 Kas\u0131m 1999 D\u00fczce Depremi \u00f6ncesinde g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilen yap\u0131lar\u0131n, depremde can kayb\u0131n\u0131 engellemesi , do\u011fru projelerin i\u015fe yarad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterebilmi\u015ftir.Yine 1999 depreminde Adapazar\u0131 vilayet kona\u011f\u0131 ve 2011 depreminde Simav\/K\u00fctahya\u2019da bir ilk\u00f6\u011fretim okulunun g\u00f6\u00e7meden ayakta kalabildi\u011fine tan\u0131kl\u0131k ettik. Bu yap\u0131lar\u0131n ve daha bir\u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme \u00f6rne\u011finin deprem s\u0131navlar\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131yla atlatabildi\u011fini s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. Ancak \u00f6zellikle belirtmek isterim ki bu konuda \u00f6nemli nokta do\u011fru proje ve do\u011fru uygulamad\u0131r. G\u00fc\u00e7lendirme projeleri, uzmanl\u0131k gerektiren i\u015fler olup kesinlikle bu konuda tecr\u00fcbeli-yetkin personel taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmelidir.\u201ddedi.<\/p>\n
Risk tespiti nas\u0131l yap\u0131l\u0131r<\/p>\n
Vatanda\u015flar\u0131n, \u201c\u00c7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m ya da ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m binan\u0131n risk alt\u0131nda olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l bilebilirim?\u201d sorusuna cevap arad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade eden Onulay, \u201cBakanl\u0131k\u00e7a lisans verilmi\u015f ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z firmalar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla binan\u0131zda inceleme yapt\u0131rabilirsiniz. Riskli Yap\u0131lar, 6306 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun Uygulama Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi\u2019nde yer alan \u2018Riskli Yap\u0131lar\u0131n Tespit Edilmesine \u0130li\u015fkin Esaslar\u2019a g\u00f6re tespit edilmektedir. Gerek son y\u0131llarda ya\u015fanan depremler ve gerekse de betonun giderek daha \u00f6zellikli yap\u0131larda kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 beton nitelik denetimi ve kabul ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli bir hale getirmi\u015ftir Son depremler s\u0131ras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck hasar g\u00f6ren yap\u0131lar incelendi\u011finde yap\u0131la\u015fman\u0131n h\u0131zl\u0131 oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgede betonla ilgili temel bilgilerin kullan\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve gerekli denetimlerin yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirgin bi\u00e7imde ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d dedi<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
BURSA BETON\u2019UN GENEL M\u00dcD\u00dcR\u00dc BARBAROS ONULAY. DEPREM Y\u00d6NETMEL\u0130\u011e\u0130NDEN \u00d6NCEK\u0130 B\u0130NALARIN NEDEN R\u0130SKL\u0130 OLDU\u011eUNA, B\u0130NALARIN NASIL G\u00dcVENL\u0130 HALE GET\u0130R\u0130LMES\u0130 GEREKT\u0130\u011e\u0130NE DA\u0130R \u00c7ARPICI A\u00c7IKLAMALARDA BULUNDU.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":209563,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[1],"tags":[26160,3114,1133,232,15121,530],"class_list":["post-209562","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genel","tag-1994ten","tag-altinda","tag-binalar","tag-once","tag-risk","tag-yapilan"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.tvturk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1994ten-once-yapilan-binalar-risk-altinda_091c5a8.jpg?fit=1000%2C662","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/paKIfm-Sw2","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/209562","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=209562"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/209562\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/209563"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=209562"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=209562"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=209562"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}