Genel Cerrahi Uzman\u0131 Op. Dr. Deniz Atasoy, makat kanamalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlukla halk aras\u0131nda basur olarak bilinen hemoroid kaynakl\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi. Atasoy, ancak her kanaman\u0131n bu sebepten \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc ya\u015fanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulayarak hemoroidden korunma yollar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131ralad\u0131.<\/p>\n
Medicana \u00c7aml\u0131ca Hastanesi Genel Cerrahi Uzman\u0131 Op. Dr. Deniz Atasoy, toplumda s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen hastal\u0131klardan bir tanesi olan basur hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131klamalarda bulundu. Op. Dr. Atasoy, makat kanamalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlukla basurdan kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ancak her kanama basurdan kaynaklan\u0131r demenin yanl\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu \u00f6nemle vurgulad\u0131. Kanama g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi durumunda mutlaka uzman bir hekime ba\u015fvurmak gerekti\u011finin alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izen Op. Dr. Atasoy, \u00f6zellikle 50 ya\u015f\u0131ndan sonra kal\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsak kanseri riski a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan makat kanamalar\u0131n\u0131n ihmal edilmemesi gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n
Kal\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsak kanseri d\u00fcnyada yakla\u015f\u0131k 1 milyon ki\u015fiyi etkiledi\u011fini ve kansere ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcmler aras\u0131nda ikinci s\u0131rada oldu\u011funu belirten Genel Cerrahi Uzman\u0131 Op. Dr. Deniz Atasoy, \u2019\u2019\u00d6zellikle 50 ya\u015f\u0131ndan sonra kal\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsak kanseri riski a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan makat kanamalar\u0131 ihmal edilmemelidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc kal\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsak kanserlerinin y\u00fczde 90\u2019\u0131 50 ya\u015f\u0131ndan sonra g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Kad\u0131n ve erkekte e\u015fit s\u0131kl\u0131kta g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor\u2019\u2019 dedi.<\/p>\n
\u2019\u2019Basur hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 kansere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmez\u2019\u2019<\/p>\n
Hemoroid ve kal\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsak kanserinin ay\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funu ifade eden Op. Dr. Atasoy, \u2019\u2019Hemoroid oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen makat kanamas\u0131n\u0131n ihmal edilmesi durumunda, kal\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsak kanserinin te\u015fhis edilmesini geciktirir. Ge\u00e7 kal\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir kal\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsak kanserinde ise tedavi \u00e7ok zordur. Bu y\u00fczden doktor muayenesi \u015fartt\u0131r. Doktora gitti\u011fimizde doktor sizden \u2018parmakla\u2019 muayene isteyebilir. Bu muayene \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc kal\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsak kanserlerinin \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131 parmak mesafesinde bulunmaktad\u0131r. Makattan kanamaya neden olabilen basur ve kanser d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki di\u011fer hastal\u0131klar aras\u0131nda makat \u00e7atlaklar\u0131 ve kal\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsak polipleri de bulunmaktad\u0131r. Polipler kal\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsa\u011f\u0131n i\u00e7 duvar\u0131ndan kaynaklanan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lard\u0131r (et par\u00e7alar\u0131). Bunlar kal\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsak kanserine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febilir. Bu y\u00fczden kolonoskopi yap\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Kolonoskopi sayesinde bu polipler \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131larak kal\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsak kanserinin geli\u015fmesi \u00f6nlenebilir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc her kal\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsak kanseri ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta polip \u015feklinde ba\u015flar. Kal\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsa\u011f\u0131n toplam uzunlu\u011fu yakla\u015f\u0131k 1,5 metredir. Kal\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsak iki b\u00f6l\u00fcme ayr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Kar\u0131n i\u00e7indeki b\u00f6l\u00fcme \u2019kolon\u2019 kal\u00e7a i\u00e7inde kalan ve makatla sonlanan k\u0131sm\u0131na da \u2019rektum\u2019 denmektedir. Bu ayr\u0131m\u0131n t\u0131bbi \u00f6nemi vard\u0131r ve tedavi y\u00f6ntemleri buna g\u00f6re d\u00fczenlenir\u2019\u2019 \u015feklinde konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n
Kal\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsak kanserinin sebebi nedir?<\/p>\n
\u00c7o\u011fu kanserde oldu\u011fu gibi kolon kanserinin de tek bir sebebi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten Op. Dr. Atasoy, \u201cKolon kanserinin nedenleri aras\u0131nda genetik (y\u00fczde 10) ve \u00e7evresel (y\u00fczde 90) fakt\u00f6rler birlikte rol oynar. \u00c7evresel fakt\u00f6rler aras\u0131nda ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ortam ve yediklerimizin rol\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. Sigara, alkol, hayvansal proteinden\/ya\u011fdan zengin besinler, liften (posadan) fakir g\u0131dalar kal\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsak kanseri riskini art\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Sigara ve alkol ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 etki etti\u011fi gibi birlikte de etki ederek kanser riskini art\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden sigara ve alkol\u00fcn b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir. Bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda doymu\u015f ya\u011f oran\u0131 y\u00fcksek yiyeceklerle meme, prostat, testis, yumurtal\u0131k, rahim, kal\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsak, pankreas ve b\u00f6brek kanserleri aras\u0131nda ili\u015fki oldu\u011fu g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. Bunun yerine bal\u0131k gibi di\u011fer protein kaynaklar\u0131 t\u00fcketilmelidir. Sucuk, sosis ve salam (nitrat ve nitrit gibi katk\u0131 maddeleri i\u00e7ermektedirler) gibi i\u015flenmi\u015f etlerden uzak durulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Yemekler az ya\u011f ile pi\u015firilmeli ve etler m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca kendi ya\u011flar\u0131nda pi\u015firilmelidir. Hayvansal ya\u011f yerine doymam\u0131\u015f ya\u011f i\u00e7eren bitkisel ya\u011flar daha fazla t\u00fcketilmelidir\u2019\u2019 a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131nda bulundu.<\/p>\n
\u2019\u2019Gen\u00e7lerde g\u00f6r\u00fclme oran\u0131 art\u0131yor\u2019\u2019<\/p>\n
Kal\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsak kanserinin son y\u0131llarda gen\u00e7 ya\u015flarda da g\u00f6r\u00fclme s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkat \u00e7eken Op. Dr. Atasoy, \u2019\u2019D\u00fcnyada gen\u00e7lerde kal\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsak kanserinin g\u00f6r\u00fclme s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131lda y\u00fczde 2 oran\u0131nda art\u0131yor. Nedenlerine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ailede kal\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsak kanseri \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn olmas\u0131, \u00fclseratif kolit, crohn hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi iltihabi ba\u011f\u0131rsak hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, d\u00fczensiz beslenme gibi tablolar say\u0131labilir. Bu tablolar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kal\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsak riskini artt\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. E\u011fer bahsedilen risklerden baz\u0131s\u0131 bir ki\u015fide varsa o durumda kolonoskopi taramas\u0131 daha erken ya\u015fta ba\u015flayabilir ve daha s\u0131k aral\u0131klarla yap\u0131labilir. Burada ama\u00e7 kanserin erken te\u015fhis edilmesidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc kal\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsak kanserleri erken te\u015fhis edildiklerinde tamamen tedavi edilebilmektedir. Normalde kad\u0131n erkek herkesin 50 ya\u015f\u0131nda ve sonras\u0131nda 10 y\u0131lda bir mutlaka kolonoskopi taramas\u0131 yapt\u0131rmalar\u0131 gerekmektedir. May\u0131s 2018\u2019de Amerikan Cerrahlar Derne\u011fi kolonoskopi tarama ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131n 45\u2019e d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesi gerekti\u011fini \u00f6nermi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca yine 2 y\u0131lda bir d\u0131\u015fk\u0131da gizli kana da bakt\u0131rmalar\u0131 gerekmektedir. Di\u011fer tarama y\u00f6ntemleri aras\u0131nda y\u0131ll\u0131k d\u0131\u015fk\u0131da gizli kan testi ile birlikte, 5 y\u0131lda bir sigmoidoskopi, y\u0131lda bir d\u0131\u015fk\u0131da imm\u00fcnokimyasal test, 5 y\u0131lda bir \u00e7ift kontrastl\u0131 baryumlu grafi, 5 y\u0131lda bir sanal kolonoskopi ve d\u0131\u015fk\u0131da DNA testleri say\u0131labilir\u2019\u2019 diye konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n
\u2019\u2019\u00d6nlenebilir kanser t\u00fcrlerinden biridir\u2019\u2019<\/p>\n
Op. Dr. Atasoy \u015f\u00f6yle devam etti: \u2019\u2019\u00d6nlenebilir kanser t\u00fcrleri i\u00e7erisinde ilk s\u0131ralarda yer alan kal\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsak yani kolon kanserinin belirtileri aras\u0131nda makat kanamas\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u011f\u0131rsak al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fiklik, kab\u0131zl\u0131k, ishal, ince d\u0131\u015fk\u0131lama, kar\u0131n alt k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131nda a\u011fr\u0131, makatta a\u011fr\u0131, d\u0131\u015fk\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131rma ve tuvalete \u00e7\u0131kma iste\u011fi say\u0131layabilir. Yan belirtiler aras\u0131nda kilo kayb\u0131, yorgunluk ve kans\u0131zl\u0131k da g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Bu yan belirtiler sadece kal\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsak kanserine ait olmay\u0131p di\u011fer kanserlerde de g\u00f6r\u00fclebilmektedir\u2019\u2019 dedi.<\/p>\n
Tedavi y\u00f6ntemi<\/p>\n
Tedavi y\u00f6ntemine de\u011finen Op. Dr. Atasoy, \u2019\u2019G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde kal\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsak kanserinin kesin tedavisi ameliyatt\u0131r. Ancak ameliyat etmeden \u00f6nce ve sonras\u0131nda hastalara kemoterapi ve \u0131\u015f\u0131n tedavisi (radyoterapi) verilmesi gerekebilir. Burada ama\u00e7, ameliyat \u00f6ncesi t\u00fcm\u00f6r\u00fc k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcltmek veya ameliyat sonras\u0131 kanda dola\u015fan g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fclemeyen kanser h\u00fccrelerini yok etmektir. Kimi hastalarda hemen ameliyat gerekebilece\u011fi gibi ba\u015fka hastalarda ameliyat\u0131 ila\u00e7 ve \u0131\u015f\u0131n tedavisinden sonras\u0131na ertelemek daha faydal\u0131d\u0131r. Ameliyat y\u00f6ntemleri olarak kal\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsak kanserlerinde a\u00e7\u0131k ve kapal\u0131 y\u00f6ntemler bulunmaktad\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde kapal\u0131 y\u00f6ntemler ilk s\u0131rada tercih edilmektedir. Sonu\u00e7ta ister a\u00e7\u0131k ister laparoskopik olsun kal\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsak kanserinin ameliyatlar\u0131nda kar\u0131n kesisi haricinde her \u015fey birbirinin ayn\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Bu y\u00f6ntemleri kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131ran \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar halen devam etmekte olup her y\u00f6ntemin kendine ait avantaj ve dezavantajlar\u0131 vard\u0131r\u2019\u2019 ifadelerini kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n
Korunma Y\u00f6ntemleri<\/p>\n
A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 kilolu ve obez (\u015fi\u015fman) ki\u015filerde kal\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsak kanseri riskinin artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izen Op. Dr. Atasoy, \u2019\u2019Hareketli bir ya\u015fam tarz\u0131 al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131k haline getirilmelidir. Haftada 3-4 kez yap\u0131lan, 30-60 dakikal\u0131k fiziksel aktivitenin sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00fczerinde olumlu etkileri vard\u0131r. Yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda fiziksel aktivitenin kanser riskini de azaltt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. Y\u00fcksek lifli g\u0131dalar ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ya\u011fl\u0131 g\u0131dalar kal\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsak kanseri riskini azaltmaktad\u0131r. Sebze, meyve, kepe\u011fi ayr\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f tah\u0131l ve kuru baklagillerde posa (lif) bulunmaktad\u0131r. Posal\u0131 yiyecekler kab\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nleyerek ba\u011f\u0131rsaklar\u0131n d\u00fczenli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamakta ve kal\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsak kanseri olu\u015fumunu azaltmaktad\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde vitaminler de kanser riskini azaltmaktad\u0131r. Kalsiyum, demir, iyot, \u00e7inko, molibden ve selenyum kanser riskini azaltmaktad\u0131rlar. Yemeklerin pi\u015firilme y\u00f6ntemleri de \u00f6nemlidir. Mangalda ve mangal k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcne yak\u0131n pi\u015firilen yemekler kanser riskini art\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Benzer \u015fekilde k\u00f6zleme, t\u00fcts\u00fcleme, kavurma ve k\u0131zartma gibi y\u00f6ntemler de sa\u011fl\u0131\u011fa zararl\u0131d\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n yerine ha\u015flama, f\u0131r\u0131nda pi\u015firme ve \u0131zgara gibi y\u00f6ntemler tercih edilmelidir. Beslenmenin yan\u0131nda baz\u0131 genlerin bozuklu\u011fu da kal\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsak kanserine neden olmaktad\u0131r. Bu genlerdeki bozukluk sonradan olabilece\u011fi gibi do\u011fu\u015ftan da gelebilir. HNPCC ve FAP gibi kal\u0131t\u0131msal hastal\u0131klar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda risk artar. Kanserde d\u00fcnyadaki yakla\u015f\u0131m erken tan\u0131 ve korunmad\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc hem hastal\u0131k tamamen tedavi edilebilmekte hem de tedavi maliyetleri d\u00fc\u015fmektedir\u2019\u2019 dedi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
ENEL CERRAH\u0130 UZMANI OP. DR. DEN\u0130Z ATASOY, MAKAT KANAMALARININ \u00c7O\u011eUNLUKLA BASURDAN (HEMORO\u0130D) KAYNAKLANDI\u011eINI ANCAK HER KANAMA BASURDAN KAYNAKLANIR DEMEN\u0130N YANLI\u015e OLDU\u011eUNU S\u00d6YLED\u0130.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":255346,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[47210,39864,5024],"class_list":["post-255345","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genel","tag-hemoroidden","tag-korunma","tag-yollari"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.tvturk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/hemoroidden-korunma-yollari_17b0e0a.jpg?fit=1000%2C666","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/paKIfm-14qt","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/255345","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=255345"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/255345\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/255346"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=255345"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=255345"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=255345"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}