Venezuela\u2019da \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu muhalefetin elindeki Ulusal Meclisin Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Juan Guaido\u2019nun, kendini “ge\u00e7ici devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131” ilan etmesinin ard\u0131ndan \u00fclkede sular durulmuyor. Konuyla ilgili de\u011ferlendirmelerde bulunan Beykent \u00dcniversitesi \u0130ktisadi ve \u0130dari Bilimler Fak\u00fcltesi \u00d6\u011fretim \u00dcyesi Do\u00e7. Dr. P\u0131nar Gedikkaya Bal, \u00fclkeyi ad\u0131m ad\u0131m darbeye g\u00f6t\u00fcren s\u00fcreci ele alarak, ya\u015fanan s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yollar\u0131n\u0131n neler olabilece\u011fi konusunda bilgi verdi.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcney Amerika \u00fclkelerinden Venezuela\u2019da siyasi tansiyon her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn daha da y\u00fckseliyor. Konuyla ilgili de\u011ferlendirmelerde bulunan Beykent \u00dcniversitesi \u0130ktisadi ve \u0130dari Bilimler Fak\u00fcltesi \u00d6\u011fretim \u00dcyesi Do\u00e7. Dr. P\u0131nar Gedikkaya Bal, Guaido\u2019nun ABD ve Bat\u0131l\u0131 devletlerden destek almas\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli nedeninin bu \u00fclkelere Venezuela \u00f6zelinde onlarla i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapaca\u011f\u0131 mesaj\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015f olmas\u0131 oldu\u011funu kaydetti. Do\u00e7. Dr. P\u0131nar Gedikkaya Bal, \u00fclkeyi krize s\u00fcr\u00fckleyen olaylar\u0131 tarihsel s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7erisinde ele alarak, \u00f6nemli noktalara de\u011findi.<\/p>\n
\u201cABD Venezuela\u2019y\u0131 itaat ettirmek istiyor\u201d<\/p>\n
Venezuela\u2019n\u0131n i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu durumu anlamak i\u00e7in hem uluslararas\u0131 sistem i\u00e7erisindeki rol\u00fcne bakmak ve hem de \u00fclkenin kendi i\u00e7 siyasetini iyi kavramak gerekti\u011fini belirten Do\u00e7. Dr. Bal, \u015fu yorumlarda bulundu:<\/p>\n
\u201cUluslararas\u0131 sistem i\u00e7erisinde sanayile\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerin geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelere oranla \u00f6zellikle son 500 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7erisinde elde edilmi\u015f bir \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc var. Bu \u00fclkelerin sanayile\u015fme ve teknolojinin etkisiyle olu\u015fturmu\u015f olduklar\u0131 modern ya\u015fam ve \u015fehirler, ucuz ve s\u00fcreklilik arz eden enerjiye ihtiya\u00e7 duyuyor. Enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131 geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerin elinde. Bu \u00fclkeler Bat\u0131 i\u00e7in hem enerji kaynaklar\u0131 hem de bu kaynaklar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131, i\u015flenmesi ve sat\u0131lmas\u0131 sonucu olu\u015fan para ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 sebebiyle \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Bat\u0131 hem bu enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 hem de ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan enerji gelirlerini kontrol edebilmek istiyor. Bu \u00fclkeler de bu kaynaklar\u0131 kendi \u015firketleri \u00e7\u0131kars\u0131n, i\u015flesin ve sats\u0131n istiyor. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Venezuela bu sisteme ba\u015fkald\u0131ran bir \u00fclke konumunda. D\u00fcnyadaki kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015f petrol rezervinin yakla\u015f\u0131k be\u015fte birine sahip olan \u00fclke, y\u0131llard\u0131r Bat\u0131\u2019ya direniyor. Petrol\u00fc kendi \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p, i\u015flemek ve satmak, sonra gelirini kendisi y\u00f6netmek istiyor. Bu Bat\u0131 i\u00e7in kabul edilmesi imkans\u0131z bir durum. ABD Venezuela\u2019y\u0131 sistemin gerekliliklerine itaat ettirmek istiyor.\u201d<\/p>\n
Ge\u00e7mi\u015ften g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze darbenin alt\u0131nda yatan nedenler<\/p>\n
\u201cDarbeye sebep olan ekonomik s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar Venezuela halk\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7ok da yeni de\u011fil\u201d diyen Bal, \u00fclkenin yak\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fte ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 siyasi ve ekonomik s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 \u015fu ifadelerle aktard\u0131:<\/p>\n
\u201cVenezuela\u2019n\u0131n direni\u015f hikayesi yeni de\u011fil. \u00dclke 1970\u2019lerde de kendi petrol\u00fcne sahip \u00e7\u0131kmak istemi\u015f ve petrol \u015firketlerini devletle\u015ftirme karar\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ancak 1980\u2019ler boyunca ciddi bir mali krizin i\u00e7erisine girmi\u015f ve 1990\u2019larda IMF yard\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ve beraberinde neoliberal politikalar\u0131 kabul ederek Bat\u0131 sistemine geri d\u00f6nmek durumunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 90\u2019lar\u0131n sonunda kendini ekonomik olarak toparlayan \u00fclke, Chavez\u2019in liderli\u011fi alt\u0131nda ABD kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 siyaset g\u00fctmeye ba\u015flad\u0131 ve 2002\u2019de bir darbe giri\u015fimine maruz kald\u0131. Bu darbe giri\u015fimi halk\u0131n Chavez\u2019e verdi\u011fi destek sayesinde ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z oldu. O d\u00f6nemde artan petrol gelirleri sayesinde h\u00fck\u00fcmet halk\u0131n sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 gidermeye y\u00f6nelik y\u00fcksek kamu harcamalar\u0131na y\u00f6neldi. \u00dclkenin kendi para birimi olan bolivar da o s\u0131rada \u00e7ok de\u011ferliydi. Bu durum halk aras\u0131nda olumlu bir geli\u015fme olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclse de, de\u011ferli para birimi ekonomide yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 pahal\u0131 hale getirip azaltt\u0131, ithalat\u0131 ise cazip hale getirip artt\u0131rd\u0131. Bu sebeple, \u00fclkede \u00fcretim d\u00fc\u015ferken, ithalat artt\u0131. Chavez\u2019in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra iktidara gelen Maduro d\u00f6neminde d\u00fcnya petrol fiyatlar\u0131nda ciddi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f ya\u015fanmas\u0131, h\u00fck\u00fcmetin gelirlerinin h\u0131zla d\u00fc\u015fmesine ve kamu \u00f6demelerinin aksamas\u0131na sebep oldu. 2014\u2019te ba\u015flayan Amerikan ambargosu i\u015fleri daha da zorla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. \u00dclkede zaten yeterli \u00fcretim yok, petrol sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131ndan elde edilen para da azal\u0131nca ithalat da yap\u0131lamaz oldu. Piyasada temel ihtiya\u00e7 maddeleri dahi bulunamaz oldu. Halk\u0131 ekonomik anlamda peri\u015fan eden bu geli\u015fmeler yap\u0131lan darbeyi besledi.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201cDarbeyi destelemek ABD\u2019nin do\u011fal politikas\u0131\u201d<\/p>\n
ABD ve Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n darbecileri desteklemesinin alt\u0131nda yatan nedenleri yorumlayan Bal, \u201cABD ve Bat\u0131 darbeyi \u00e7ok seviyor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc istemedikleri bir iktidar\u0131 darbeyle indirebileceklerine inan\u0131yorlar. ABD d\u00fcnyan\u0131n farkl\u0131 \u00fclkelerinde y\u0131llard\u0131r bunu uyguluyor. Onlar i\u00e7in bu durum do\u011fal bir d\u0131\u015f politikad\u0131r. Ba\u015fkan olarak Guaido\u2019yu tan\u0131malar\u0131n\u0131n sebebi Guaido\u2019yu petrol ve petrolden elde edilen gelirler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde Venezuela\u2019n\u0131n Bat\u0131 ile ili\u015fkilerini d\u00fczeltebilecek, Venezuela\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fta ABD olmak \u00fczere Bat\u0131\u2019ya y\u00f6nelik direni\u015fine son vererek i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapabilecek bir siyaset\u00e7i olarak g\u00f6rmeleridir\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n
\u201cMaduro, halk\u0131n deste\u011fini kaybetmemek i\u00e7in yard\u0131mlara s\u0131cak bakm\u0131yor\u201d<\/p>\n
Bal, Maduro\u2019nun ABD\u2019nin yard\u0131m teklifini neden kabul etmedi\u011fine y\u00f6nelik \u015f\u00f6yle konu\u015ftu: \u201cABD t\u00fcm bu s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n ya\u015fanmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir sebepken ve \u00fclkeyi ekonomik ambargo alt\u0131nda tutarken ayn\u0131 zamanda yard\u0131m g\u00f6ndererek kahraman olmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Venezuela halk\u0131 ve h\u00fck\u00fcmeti bunca zamand\u0131r ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ad\u0131na ABD\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 dik durmu\u015fken, bu yard\u0131m\u0131 elbette kabul etmek istemiyor. Ayr\u0131ca Maduro da halk\u0131n deste\u011fini kaybetmek istemedi\u011fi i\u00e7in bu yard\u0131mlara s\u0131cak bakm\u0131yor. \u00dclkelerin ald\u0131klar\u0131 yard\u0131m kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kendilerini bor\u00e7lu ya da minnettar hissetmemesi i\u00e7in yard\u0131mlar\u0131n Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler kanal\u0131 ile yap\u0131lmas\u0131 son derece \u00f6nemli.\u201d<\/p>\n
Ya\u015fanan s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in \u00fclkeye bir an evvel kaynak aktar\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini de kaydeden Bal, \u201c\u00d6ncelikle halk\u0131n temel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 gerekiyor. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te yard\u0131m\u0131 Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler\u2019in sa\u011flamas\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli. Venezuela kabul edece\u011fi yard\u0131mlar kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda siyasi anlamda hi\u00e7bir \u00fclkeye bor\u00e7lu b\u0131rak\u0131lmamal\u0131 hatta yeni bir ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131kla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmamal\u0131\u201d diye konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
BEYKENT \u00dcN\u0130VERS\u0130TES\u0130 \u0130KT\u0130SAD\u0130 VE \u0130DAR\u0130 B\u0130L\u0130MLER FAK\u00dcLTES\u0130 \u00d6\u011eRET\u0130M \u00dcYES\u0130 DO\u00c7. DR. PINAR GED\u0130KKAYA BAL,<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":64055,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[1],"tags":[1936,2390,278,279,9675,19702,99,19704,2229,19703],"class_list":["post-64054","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genel","tag-abd","tag-bal","tag-doc","tag-dr","tag-ettirmek","tag-gedikkaya","tag-istiyor","tag-itaat","tag-pinar","tag-venezuelayi"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.tvturk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/doc-dr-pinar-gedikkaya-bal-abd-venezuelayi-itaat-ettirmek-istiyor_41214b3.jpg?fit=1000%2C666","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/paKIfm-gF8","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64054","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=64054"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64054\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/64055"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=64054"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=64054"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=64054"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}