{"id":94461,"date":"2019-03-15T19:55:00","date_gmt":"2019-03-15T16:55:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/?p=94461"},"modified":"2019-03-15T19:55:04","modified_gmt":"2019-03-15T16:55:04","slug":"tukenmeden-tuketici-olmak","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/tukenmeden-tuketici-olmak\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fckenmeden T\u00fcketici olmak!"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>De\u011ferli\nokurlar;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>G\u00fcncel\nhukuki konularda, k\u0131sa ve daha genel \u00e7er\u00e7evede bilgi verme ama\u00e7l\u0131 olarak\n\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bu yolda, birka\u00e7 yaz\u0131 ile arka arkaya de\u011ferlendirece\u011fimiz konu\nolarak &#8220;T\u00fcketici Haklar\u0131&#8221; konusunu se\u00e7tik.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130nsanlar\u0131n\nbir arada ya\u015famaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 en eski d\u00f6nemlerden itibaren, \u00fcreticiler ve\nt\u00fcketiciler aras\u0131nda yer alan bir unsur olan tacirlerin, denetlenmesi i\u00e7in\n\u00e7e\u015fitli yollar kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tacirlerin kendi aralar\u0131nda \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi,\nt\u00fcketicilerin ise, b\u00fcy\u00fck ekonomik g\u00fcce sahip t\u00fcccar organizasyonlar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda\ng\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fcz olmas\u0131 nedeniyle zarara u\u011framas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131, ad\u0131 tam olarak\n&#8220;T\u00fcketici Haklar\u0131&#8221; olmasa da, devlet g\u00fc\u00e7leri \u00e7e\u015fitli vas\u0131talarla\nticaret hayat\u0131n\u0131n denetlenmesi yoluna gitmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Osmanl\u0131\n\u0130mparatorlu\u011fun&#8217; da 15. yy&#8217; da kurulan &#8220;\u0130htisap&#8221; \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc, \u00f6nceleri\ndo\u011frudan Sadrazam&#8217; a, daha sonra da Kad\u0131&#8217; ya ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak, esnaf\u0131n\ndenetlenmesini, ticaret hayat\u0131n\u0131n kurallara uygun ve nizami olarak i\u015flemesini\nsa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130htisap&#8217; dan daha \u00f6nce kurulu bulunan,&nbsp; Ahilik gelene\u011finden gelen Lonca&#8217; lar da kendi\n\u00fcyeleri i\u00e7inde belirli kurallarla ticari hayat\u0131n devam\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\nAncak&#8221; \u0130htisap&#8221;, meslek \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc olmaktan farkl\u0131 olarak, devlet\ntaraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6revlendirilen, salt denetleme \/cezaland\u0131rma i\u015fi yapan bir\n\u00f6rg\u00fctt\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tarih\ni\u00e7inde, toplumlar\u0131n geli\u015fmi\u015flik d\u00fczeyi, ticari hayat\u0131n sujesi olan\nt\u00fcketicilerin haklar\u0131n\u0131n konu\u015fulmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f, 15 Mart 1962 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00f6nemin\nAmerika Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 J.F. Kennedy, Temsilciler Meclisin&#8217; de yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131\nkonu\u015fmada, &#8220;T\u00fcketici Haklar\u0131&#8221; ndan ilk defa s\u00f6z etmi\u015ftir. Birle\u015fmi\u015f\nMilletler, 1985 y\u0131l\u0131nda ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir karar ile, bu konu\u015fman\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcn olan <strong>15 Mart&#8217; \u0131 D\u00fcnya T\u00fcketici Haklar\u0131<\/strong> g\u00fcn\u00fc olarak ilan\netmi\u015ftir. \u00dclkemizde D\u00fcnya T\u00fcketiciler G\u00fcn\u00fc ad\u0131yla kutlanmakta olup,\nayr\u0131ca&nbsp;<strong>15-21\nMart<\/strong>&nbsp;tarihlerini i\u00e7ine alan hafta da&nbsp;<strong>T\u00fcketici Haftas\u0131<\/strong>&nbsp;olarak\nkutlanmaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;\nnin de taraf\u0131 oldu\u011fu 1985 tarihli Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler&nbsp; Evrensel T\u00fcketici Haklar\u0131 Bildirgesi&#8217; ne g\u00f6re,\nbu bildirge ile hedeflenen; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>\u00dclkelere, halklar\u0131na, t\u00fcketici\nolarak yeterli korumay\u0131 sa\u011flamak ve idame ettirmek y\u00f6n\u00fcnde yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak.<\/em><\/li><li><em>T\u00fcketicilerin ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na ve\nisteklerine cevap verecek \u00fcretim ve da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m \u015fekillerini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak,<\/em><\/li><li><em>Mallar\u0131n \u00fcretimi ve da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 ve\nt\u00fcketicilere hizmet vermekle i\u015ftigal edenler i\u00e7in y\u00fcksek ahlaki davran\u0131\u015f\nseviyesini te\u015fvik etmek,<\/em><\/li><li><em>T\u00fcketicileri olumsuz y\u00f6nde\netkileyen ulusal ve uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczeyde faaliyette bulunan b\u00fct\u00fcn te\u015febb\u00fcslerin\ni\u015f yolsuzluklar\u0131na mani olmak i\u00e7in \u00fclkelere yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak,<\/em><\/li><li><em>Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z t\u00fcketici gruplar\u0131n\u0131n\ngeli\u015fmesini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak,<\/em><\/li><li><em>T\u00fcketiciyi koruma alan\u0131nda\nuluslararas\u0131 i\u015fbirli\u011fini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak,<\/em><\/li><li><em>T\u00fcketiciye daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck fiyatlarla\ndaha \u00e7ok se\u00e7enek temin edecek pazar \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fmesini te\u015fvik etmek.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Anayasam\u0131z\u0131n 90. maddesi gere\u011fi,\nusul\u00fcne uygun olarak onaylanm\u0131\u015f bir uluslararas\u0131 antla\u015fma, \u00fclkemizce kabul\nedilmi\u015f bir kanun ile \u00e7eli\u015fkili bir h\u00fck\u00fcm i\u00e7ermesi halinde, ulusal kanunumuzdan\n\u00fcst\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bu nedenle &#8220;T\u00fcketici Hukuku&#8221; ile ilgili temel konular\u0131 ele\nal\u0131rken, Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Evrensel T\u00fcketici Haklar\u0131 Bildirgesi&#8217; ni g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde\nbulundurmak gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>6502 say\u0131l\u0131 yasan\u0131n 3.\nmaddesinin (k) bendine g\u00f6re T\u00fcketici; <em>Ticari\nveya mesleki olmayan ama\u00e7larla hareket eden ger\u00e7ek veya t\u00fczel ki\u015fidir. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00fcketicinin yasal tan\u0131m\u0131ndan\nyola \u00e7\u0131karak; oturmak i\u00e7in gayr\u0131menkul al\u0131m\u0131ndan, devre tatil al\u0131m\u0131na, paket\nturistik gezi turu almaktan, ayakkab\u0131 almaya veyahut bir \u015firketin ticari\nfaaliyetine dahil olmayan t\u00fcm al\u0131m i\u015flemleri t\u00fcketici i\u015flemi olarak kabul\nedilmektedir. S\u00f6zle\u015fmeden d\u00f6nme, ay\u0131p gibi hususlarda T\u00fcketicinin Korunmas\u0131\nHakk\u0131nda Kanun&#8217; a tabi olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1994 y\u0131l\u0131nda 4077 say\u0131l\u0131\nT\u00fcketicinin Korunmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun ile ba\u015flayan s\u00fcre\u00e7, bug\u00fcn 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda\nkabul ve yay\u0131mlanan 6502 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcketicinin Korunmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun ile son\n\u015feklini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>15\/21 Mart T\u00fcketici Haftas\u0131\nkutlamas\u0131n\u0131n, k\u0131smen al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi yans\u0131t\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu\ng\u00fcnlerde, t\u00fcketicilere haklar\u0131n\u0131n anlat\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir f\u0131rsat olarak g\u00f6rmek\ngerekir. Biraz uzun da olsa genel bir bak\u0131\u015f att\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z &#8220;t\u00fcketici&nbsp; hukuku&#8221; kapsam\u0131nda \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki hafta&nbsp; konumuz &#8220;ay\u0131pl\u0131 mal\/hizmet&#8221; kavram\u0131\nve bu durumda \u201cgidilebilecek hukuki yollar\u201d &nbsp;olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Av. Aysel YILDIZ<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0130nsanlar\u0131n bir arada ya\u015famaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 en eski d\u00f6nemlerden itibaren, \u00fcreticiler ve t\u00fcketiciler aras\u0131nda yer alan bir unsur olan tacirlerin, denetlenmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli yollar kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tacirlerin kendi aralar\u0131nda \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi, t\u00fcketicilerin ise, b\u00fcy\u00fck ekonomik g\u00fcce sahip t\u00fcccar organizasyonlar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fcz olmas\u0131 nedeniyle zarara u\u011framas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131, ad\u0131 tam olarak &#8220;T\u00fcketici Haklar\u0131&#8221; olmasa da, devlet g\u00fc\u00e7leri \u00e7e\u015fitli vas\u0131talarla ticaret hayat\u0131n\u0131n denetlenmesi yoluna gitmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":94472,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[8,5,646],"tags":[25047,270,25046],"class_list":["post-94461","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analiz","category-gundem","category-kose-yazilari","tag-aysel-yildiz","tag-tuketici","tag-tuketici-haklari"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.tvturk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Turketici_Haklari_1.jpg?fit=565%2C600","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/paKIfm-ozz","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/94461","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=94461"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/94461\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":94466,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/94461\/revisions\/94466"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/94472"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=94461"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=94461"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tvturk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=94461"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}